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Priklady http://gitlab.fjfi.cvut.cz/culikzde/peri

====== Literatura ======

Interfacing the PC: Using Interrupts
http://wearcam.org/seatsale/programs/www.beyondlogic.org/interrupts/interupt.htm

The PC's keyboard
http://wearcam.org/seatsale/programs/www.beyondlogic.org/keyboard/keybrd.htm

Parallel Port 
http://wearcam.org/seatsale/programs/www.beyondlogic.org/spp/parallel.htm

Serial RS232 Port
http://wearcam.org/seatsale/programs/www.beyondlogic.org/serial/serial.htm

http://download-mirror.savannah.gnu.org/releases/pgubook/ProgrammingGroundUp-1-0-lettersize.pdf

Assembly Language (video)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rxsBghsrvpI&list=PLKK11Ligqitg9MOX3-0tFT1Rmh3uJp7kA \\
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dh7GQ_joeE4

Cuda (video)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kzXjRFL-gjo&list=PLKK11Ligqititws0ZOoGk3SW-TZCar4dK

Write your own Operating System
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLHh55M_Kq4OApWScZyPl5HhgsTJS9MZ6M \\
https://github.com/AlgorithMan-de/wyoos

======Raspberry======

http://github.com/bztsrc/raspi3-tutorial

https://github.com/isometimes/rpi4-osdev

http://s-matyukevich.github.io/raspberry-pi-os

http://s-matyukevich.github.io/raspberry-pi-os/docs/lesson06/rpi-os.html

Ultibo https://ultibo.org/

======NVidia======

OpenCL Tutorial https://cnugteren.github.io/tutorial/pages/page2.html

Gdev: Open-Source GPGPU Runtime and Driver  http://github.com/shinpei0208/gdev

NVidia driver https://download.nvidia.com/XFree86/Linux-x86_64/515.43.04/README/supportedchips.html

NVidia PCI https://pci-ids.ucw.cz/read/PC/10de

http://jlk.fjfi.cvut.cz

======Realtek 8125======

/etc/default/grub
<code>
GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=true
</code>

/etc/apt/sources.list
<code>
deb [allow-insecure=yes] file:///mnt/other/debian/ buster main contrib
</code>

/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/...
<code>
Acquire::AllowInsecureRepositories "true";
</code>

https://packages.debian.org/bookworm/r8125-dkms

https://packages.debian.org/bookworm/all/r8125-dkms/download

======QEMU======

https://wiki.qemu.org/Documentation/9psetup

https://sebastienbourdelin.com/2021/06/16/writing-a-custom-device-for-qemu/

https://www.ashling.com/wp-content/uploads/QEMU_CUSTOM_INST_WP.pdf

https://courses.grainger.illinois.edu/cs423/sp2010/MPs/mp3.htm

https://embeddedinn.com/articles/tutorial/Adding-a-custom-peripheral-to-QEMU/

=====Debian Arm64=====

<code sh>
qemu-system-aarch64 \
   -M virt \
   -cpu cortex-a72 \
   -m 1G \
   -kernel kernel \
   -initrd initrd \
   -device virtio-blk-device,drive=hd \
   -drive file=image.qcow2,if=none,id=hd \
   -append "root=LABEL=rootfs" \
   -device virtio-net-device,netdev=net \
   -netdev user,id=net,hostfwd=tcp::2223-:22 \
   -device virtio-vga \
   -device virtio-keyboard \
   -device virtio-mouse

</code>

https://people.debian.org/~gio/dqib/

=====Debian RISC-V=====

<code sh>
qemu-system-riscv64 \
   -M virt \
   -cpu rv64 \
   -m 1G \
   -kernel kernel \
   -initrd initrd \
   -device virtio-blk-device,drive=hd \
   -drive file=image.qcow2,if=none,id=hd \
   -append "root=LABEL=rootfs" \
   -device virtio-net-device,netdev=net \
   -netdev user,id=net,hostfwd=tcp::2222-:22 \
   -device virtio-vga \
   -device virtio-keyboard \
   -device virtio-mouse

</code>

http://colatkinson.site/linux/riscv/2021/01/27/riscv-qemu/
https://people.debian.org/~gio/dqib/

=====Fedora Arm64=====

<code sh>
qemu-system-aarch64 \
   -M virt \
   -cpu cortex-a72 \
   -smp 4 \
   -m 4G \
   -device virtio-vga \
   -kernel vmlinuz \
   -initrd initrd.img \
   -append "console=ttyAMA root=live:CDLABEL=Fedora-WS-Live-35-1-2" \
   -cdrom Fedora-Workstation-Live-aarch64-35-1.2.iso \
   -boot d \
   -device virtio-keyboard \
   -device virtio-mouse \
   -netdev user,id=net0,hostfwd=tcp::5022-:22 \
   -device virtio-net-device,netdev=net0 \
   -no-reboot
</code>

http://archives.fedoraproject.org/pub/archive/fedora/linux/releases/34/Everything/aarch64/iso/

=====HaikuOS RISC-V=====

<code sh>
qemu-system-riscv64 \
   -M virt \
   -m 1G \
   -device ati-vga \
   -kernel u-boot.bin \
   -drive file=haiku-master-hrev55697-riscv64-mmc.image,format=raw,if=virtio \
   -usb -device usb-ehci,id=echi \
   -device usb-kbd \
   -device usb-tablet
</code>

http://www.haiku-os.org/blog/kallisti5/2021-11-07_booting_our_risc-v_images/

http://discuss.haiku-os.org/t/my-haiku-risc-v-port-progress

vgabios-ati.bin from debian package seabios_1.14.0-2_all.deb

=====Raspbian Arm32=====

<code sh>
qemu-system-arm \
    -M raspi2 \
    -cpu arm1176 \
    -smp 4 \
    -m 1G \
    -append "rw earlyprintk loglevel=8 console=ttyAMA0,115200 dwc_otg.lpm_enable=0 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2" \
    -dtb bcm2709-rpi-2-b.dtb \
    -sd 2016-05-27-raspbian-jessie.img \
    -kernel kernel7.img
</code>

https://downloads.raspberrypi.org/raspbian/images/

(Rasbian 7 Wheezy nestartuje, je nezbytne pouzit kernel specielne urceny pro qemu)

=====RaspiOS Arm64=====

<code sh>
IMG=2021-10-30-raspios-bullseye-arm64.img
CMD="console=ttyAMA0 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootwait rootfstype=ext4"

qemu-system-aarch64 \
  -M raspi3 \
  -m 1024 \
  -kernel kernel8.img \
  -dtb bcm2710-rpi-3-b.dtb \
  -drive file=$IMG,format=raw,if=sd \
  -append "$CMD"
</code>

http://downloads.raspberrypi.org/raspios_arm64/images/

<code sh>
qemu-img resize image_file 4G

fdisk -l image_file

mount -r image_file directory -o offset=`echo 8192*512 | bc`
</code>

--------

======Build======

=====Buildroot=====

2009 https://mirror.egtvedt.no/buildroot/

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30732707/buildroot-custom-kernel-under-1mb

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/729103/set-linux-image-size-buildroot
BR2_TARGET_ROOTFS_EXT2_SIZE

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/729103/set-linux-image-size-buildroot

=== on Fedora 34 ===

<code bash>
dnf install perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker

# Fedora34, 10 minutes
# http://buildroot.net/downloads/buildroot-2021.08.tar.gz
# cp configs/qemu_x86_64_defconfig config

make defconfig BR2_DEFCONFIG=config
make 
# check BR2_PACKAGE_QT5WIDGETS .config
# check FONFIG_FB in output/build/linux-.....config

# make mc-show-depends
# make clang-show-depends
# make qt5base-show-depends
</code>

=== with Podman ===

<code bash>
# buildroot-2018.02, Ubuntu 18.04

# Architecture
BR2_x86_64=y

# System
BR2_SYSTEM_DHCP="eth0"
BR2_TARGET_GENERIC_GETTY_PORT="tty1"

# Filesystem
BR2_TARGET_ROOTFS_EXT2=y
# BR2_TARGET_ROOTFS_TAR is not set

# Linux headers same as kernel, a 4.15 series
BR2_PACKAGE_HOST_LINUX_HEADERS_CUSTOM_4_15=y

# Kernel
BR2_LINUX_KERNEL=y
BR2_LINUX_KERNEL_CUSTOM_VERSION=y
BR2_LINUX_KERNEL_CUSTOM_VERSION_VALUE="4.15"
BR2_LINUX_KERNEL_USE_CUSTOM_CONFIG=y
BR2_LINUX_KERNEL_CUSTOM_CONFIG_FILE="board/qemu/x86_64/linux-4.15.config"

# host-qemu for gitlab testing
# BR2_PACKAGE_HOST_QEMU=y
# BR2_PACKAGE_HOST_QEMU_SYSTEM_MODE=y

BR2_PACKAGE_MC=y
# BR2_PACKAGE_CLANG=y

# BR2_TAR_OPTIONS="--no-same-owner"
</code>

=== Qemu ===

<code bash>
dnf install qemu-system-arm qemu-system-aarch64 qemu-system-riscv qemu-system-x86

cd output/images

qemu-system-i386 \
   -M pc \
   -kernel bzImage \
   -drive file=rootfs.ext2,if=virtio,format=raw \
   -append "rootwait root=/dev/vda console=tty1 console=ttyS0" \
   -serial stdio \
   -net nic,model=virtio \
   -net user
   
qemu-system-x86_64 \
   -kernel bzImage \ 
   -hda rootfs.ext2 \
   -append "root=/dev/sda console=ttyS0" \
   -net user,hostfwd=tcp:127.0.0.1:3333-:22 \
   -net nic,model=virtio
# Qemu Menu / View / serial0
</code>

<code bash>
dnf install tigervnc
output/host/bin/qemu-system-x86
vncviewer ::5900
</code>

<code bash>
make linux-menuconfig 
# Device drivers->Graphics support->Support for frame buffer devices enable Cirrus Logic support
</code>

=== Podman storage ===

<code bash>
DIR=`pwd`
test -d $DIR/storage || mkdir $DIR/storage

cat > storage.conf << EOF
[storage]
driver = "overlay"
runroot = "$DIR/storage"
graphroot = "$DIR/storage"
rootless_storage_path = "$DIR/storage"
EOF

export CONTAINERS_STORAGE_CONF=$DIR/storage.conf
# /etc/containers/storage.conf
# ~/.config/containers/storage.conf
# cp storage.conf  ~/.config/containers/storage.conf

podman build -t entry1 -f Dockerfile

podman run -it --name entry2 entry1

podman attach entry2

podman exec -it entry2 bash
</code>

=== Podman Dockerfile (Ubuntu 18.04)===

http://github.com/AdvancedClimateSystems/docker-buildroot/blob/master/Dockerfile

<code shell>
FROM ubuntu:18.04

RUN apt-get update && \
    apt-get install -y \
    mc \
    libelf-dev \
    build-essential \
    bash \
    bc \
    binutils \
    build-essential \
    bzip2 \
    cpio \
    g++ \
    gcc \
    git \
    gzip \
    locales \
    libncurses5-dev \
    libdevmapper-dev \
    libsystemd-dev \
    make \
    mercurial \
    whois \
    patch \
    perl \
    python \
    rsync \
    sed \
    tar \
    vim \ 
    unzip \
    wget \
    bison \
    flex \
    libssl-dev \
    libfdt-dev
    
RUN locale-gen en_US.utf8

RUN git clone git://git.buildroot.net/buildroot 
RUN cd buildroot && git checkout 2018.02

# WORKDIR /buildroot

# ENV O=/buildroot_output

# VOLUME /buildroot/dl
# VOLUME /buildroot_output

RUN ["/bin/bash"]
</code>

=== Dockerfile (Ubuntu 16.04)===

<code shell>
FROM ubuntu:16.04

RUN apt-get update && \
    apt-get install -y \
    mc \
    libelf-dev \
    build-essential \
    bash \
    bc \
    binutils \
    build-essential \
    bzip2 \
    cpio \
    g++ \
    gcc \
    git \
    gzip \
    locales \
    libncurses5-dev \
    libdevmapper-dev \
    libsystemd-dev \
    make \
    mercurial \
    whois \
    patch \
    perl \
    python \
    rsync \
    sed \
    tar \
    vim \ 
    unzip \
    wget \
    bison \
    flex \
    libssl-dev \
    libfdt-dev

RUN locale-gen en_US.utf8

# VOLUME /buildroot
# RUN git clone git://git.buildroot.net/buildroot
WORKDIR /buildroot
# RUN git checkout 2017.02

# RUN make defconfig BR2_DEFCONFIG=config
# RUN make -j8

RUN ["/bin/bash"]
</code>

=== Dockerfile (Debian Squeeze) ===

<code shell>
FROM debian:squeeze

RUN echo "deb http://archive.debian.org/debian squeeze main" > /etc/apt/sources.list
RUN echo "deb http://archive.debian.org/debian squeeze-lts main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list
RUN echo "Acquire::Check-Valid-Until false;" > /etc/apt/apt.conf

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install --force-yes -y mc git wget cpio python python-argparse unzip bc linelf-dev build-essential

RUN git clone git://git.buildroot.net/buildroot
RUN cd buildroot && git checkout 2018.02

RUN "su"
RUN "/bin/bash"
</code>

====Qt4 with framebuffer====

<code shell>
# buildroot-2018.02, on Ubuntu 18.04

# Architecture
BR2_x86_64=y

# System
BR2_SYSTEM_DHCP="eth0"
BR2_TARGET_GENERIC_GETTY_PORT="tty1"

# Filesystem
BR2_TARGET_ROOTFS_EXT2=y
# BR2_TARGET_ROOTFS_TAR is not set

# Linux headers same as kernel, a 4.15 series
BR2_PACKAGE_HOST_LINUX_HEADERS_CUSTOM_4_15=y

# Kernel
BR2_LINUX_KERNEL=y
BR2_LINUX_KERNEL_CUSTOM_VERSION=y
BR2_LINUX_KERNEL_CUSTOM_VERSION_VALUE="4.15"
BR2_LINUX_KERNEL_USE_CUSTOM_CONFIG=y
BR2_LINUX_KERNEL_CUSTOM_CONFIG_FILE="board/qemu/x86_64/linux-4.15.config"

# host-qemu for gitlab testing
# BR2_PACKAGE_HOST_QEMU=y
# BR2_PACKAGE_HOST_QEMU_SYSTEM_MODE=y

# BR2_PACKAGE_XAPP_TWM=y
# BR2_PACKAGE_XAPP_XCALC=y
# BR2_PACKAGE_XAPP_XCLOCK=y
# BR2_PACKAGE_XAPP_XEYES=y
# BR2_PACKAGE_XAPP_XINIT=y
# BR2_PACKAGE_XDRIVER_XF86_INPUT_KEYBOARD=y
# BR2_PACKAGE_XDRIVER_XF86_INPUT_MOUSE=y
# BR2_PACKAGE_XDRIVER_XF86_VIDEO_CIRRUS=y
# BR2_PACKAGE_XDRIVER_XF86_VIDEO_FBDEV=y
# BR2_PACKAGE_XDRIVER_XF86_VIDEO_VESA=y
# BR2_PACKAGE_XORG7=y
# BR2_PACKAGE_XSERVER_XORG_SERVER=y
BR2_PACKAGE_XTERM=y

BR2_TOOLCHAIN_BUILDROOT_CXX=y
BR2_TOOLCHAIN_BUILDROOT_WCHAR=y
BR2_USE_WCHAR=y

BR2_PACKAGE_QT=y
BR2_PACKAGE_QT_EMBEDDED=y
# BR2_PACKAGE_QT_X11=y
BR2_PACKAGE_QT_SHARED=y
BR2_PACKAGE_QT_GUI_MODULE=y
BR2_PACKAGE_QT_EXAMPLES=y

BR2_PACKAGE_MC=y
</code>

====Qt4 and X11 ====

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/70931/how-to-install-x11-on-my-own-linux-buildroot-system

<code shell>
# buildroot-2017.02, on Ubuntu 16.04

# Architecture
BR2_x86_64=y

# System
BR2_SYSTEM_DHCP="eth0"
BR2_TARGET_GENERIC_GETTY_PORT="tty1"

# Filesystem
BR2_TARGET_ROOTFS_EXT2=y
# BR2_TARGET_ROOTFS_TAR is not set

# Linux headers same as kernel, a 4.9 series
BR2_PACKAGE_HOST_LINUX_HEADERS_CUSTOM_4_9=y

# Kernel
BR2_LINUX_KERNEL=y
BR2_LINUX_KERNEL_CUSTOM_VERSION=y
BR2_LINUX_KERNEL_CUSTOM_VERSION_VALUE="4.9.6"
BR2_LINUX_KERNEL_USE_CUSTOM_CONFIG=y
BR2_LINUX_KERNEL_CUSTOM_CONFIG_FILE="board/qemu/x86_64/linux-4.9.config"

# host-qemu for gitlab testing
# BR2_PACKAGE_HOST_QEMU=y
# BR2_PACKAGE_HOST_QEMU_SYSTEM_MODE=y

BR2_PACKAGE_XAPP_TWM=y
BR2_PACKAGE_XAPP_XCALC=y
BR2_PACKAGE_XAPP_XCLOCK=y
BR2_PACKAGE_XAPP_XEYES=y
BR2_PACKAGE_XAPP_XINIT=y
BR2_PACKAGE_XDRIVER_XF86_INPUT_KEYBOARD=y
BR2_PACKAGE_XDRIVER_XF86_INPUT_MOUSE=y
BR2_PACKAGE_XDRIVER_XF86_VIDEO_CIRRUS=y
BR2_PACKAGE_XDRIVER_XF86_VIDEO_FBDEV=y
BR2_PACKAGE_XDRIVER_XF86_VIDEO_VESA=y
BR2_PACKAGE_XORG7=y
BR2_PACKAGE_XSERVER_XORG_SERVER=y
BR2_PACKAGE_XTERM=y

BR2_TOOLCHAIN_BUILDROOT_CXX=y
BR2_TOOLCHAIN_BUILDROOT_WCHAR=y
BR2_USE_WCHAR=y

BR2_PACKAGE_QT=y
# BR2_PACKAGE_QT_EMBEDDED=y
BR2_PACKAGE_QT_X11=y
BR2_PACKAGE_QT_SHARED=y
BR2_PACKAGE_QT_GUI_MODULE=y
BR2_PACKAGE_QT_EXAMPLES=y

BR2_PACKAGE_MC=y
</code>

====Qt5 with framebuffer ====

<code bash>
# http://buildroot.net/downloads/buildroot-2022.08.tar.gz

BR2_TOOLCHAIN_BUILDROOT_WCHAR=y
BR2_TOOLCHAIN_BUILDROOT_CXX=y

BR2_PACKAGE_QT5=y
BR2_PACKAGE_QT5BASE_GUI=y
BR2_PACKAGE_QT5BASE_WIDGETS=y
BR2_PACKAGE_QT5BASE_LINUXFB=y
BR2_PACKAGE_QT5BASE_DEFAULT_QPA="linuxfb"
BR2_PACKAGE_QT5BASE_EXAMPLES=y

BR2_PACKAGE_QT5TOOLS=y
# BR2_PACKAGE_QT5TOOLS_QTPATHS=y
# BR2_PACKAGE_QT5TOOLS_QTPLUGININFO

# BR2_PACKAGE_PYTHON3=y
# BR2_PACKAGE_PYTHON_PYQT5=y
</code>

====Qt5 and X11 ====

<code bash>
# buildroot-2017.02, on Ubuntu 16.04, DOES NOT WORK

BR2_PACKAGE_QT5=y
BR2_PACKAGE_QT5_VERSION_5_6=y
BR2_PACKAGE_QT5BASE_GUI=y
BR2_PACKAGE_QT5BASE_WIDGETS=y
BR2_PACKAGE_QT5BASE_EXAMPLES=y
# BR2_PACKAGE_QT5BASE_LINUXFB=y
# BR2_PACKAGE_QT5BASE_DEFAULT_QPA="linuxfb"
BR2_PACKAGE_QT5BASE_XORG=y
BR2_PACKAGE_QT5BASE_DEFAULT_QPA="xcb"
BR2_PACKAGE_QT5TOOLS=y

# BR2_PACKAGE_PYTHON=y
# BR2_PACKAGE_PYTHON_PYQT=y

# BR2_PACKAGE_PYTHON3=y
# BR2_PACKAGE_PYTHON_PYQT5=y
</code>

=====Build Linux Kernel=====

<code bash>
# on Fedora 34 (Linux 5.11.12, GCC 11.0.1)
# http://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v4.x/linux-4.19.37.tar.gz (Debian 10)
# Do not declare __force_order in arch/x86/boot/compressed/kaslr_64.c

make defconfig 
make kvmconfig 
make
make bzImage
</code>

https://cylab.be/blog/320/build-a-kernel-initramfs-and-busybox-to-create-your-own-micro-linux

<code>
ArchLinux : mkinitcpio -P
Debian : update-initramfs -u     update-initramfs -c -k all
Fedora : dracut
</code>

=====Build Qt 4.2=====

https://download.qt.io/archive/qt/4.2/qt-x11-opensource-src-4.2.3.tar.gz

<code shell>
./configure \
 -confirm-license \
 -release \
 -prefix /opt/qt-4.2 \
 -little-endian \
 -no-largefile \
 -no-qt3support \
 -no-stl \
 -no-zlib \
 -no-libpng \
 -no-libmng \
 -no-libjpeg \
 -no-gif \
 -no-cups \
 -no-iconv \
 -no-qdbus \
 -no-opengl 
</code>

<code>
src/network/qnativesocketengne_unix.cpp : line 131 : if ((long long) ...
</code>

Qt 4.4.3

<code>
./configure -little-endian -qt-libpng -no-cups -no-openssl -confirm-license

file mkspec/linux-g++-64/qmake.conf
QMAKE_CFLAGS = -m64 -fpermissive -w -std=c++98
</code>

--------

======Cuda======

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CUDA

<code>
Cuda 8.0,  compute capability 2.0 – 6.x (Fermi, Kepler, Maxwell, Pascal) (VS 2010 .. 2015)
Cuda 9.0,  compute capability 3.0 – 7.0 (Kepler, Maxwell, Pascal, Volta)
Cuda 10.2, compute capability 3.0 – 7.5 (Kepler, Maxwell, Pascal, Volta, Turing) (VS 2012 .. 2019)
Cuda 11.0, compute capability 3.5 – 8.0 (Kepler (in part), Maxwell, Pascal, Volta, Turing, ...)
Cuda 12.0, compute capability 5.0 – 9.0 (Maxwell, Pascal, Volta, Turing, ...)
</code>

<code>
GT 460, GF104,  compute capability 2.1, Cuda 3.0 .. 8.0, NVidia Driver 390
GT 640, GK107,  compute capability 3.0, Cuda 5.0 .. 10.2, NVidia Driver 470
GT 730, GK208B, compute capability 3.5, Cuda 5.0 .. 11.8, NVidia Driver 340, 470
</code>

<code>
GeForce 8600GT, G84, compute capability 1.1, Cuda 1.1 .. 6.5, Nvidia Driver 304 or 340
4 SM = 32 SP, Fedora 20, Debian 8,

G86M, compute capability 1.1

GT 520, GF119, compute capability 2.1, Cuda 3.0 .. 8.0, 
Fedora 23, Debian 9
</code>

https://snapshot.debian.org

https://tracker.debian.org/pkg/nvidia-cuda-toolkit

https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/fedora34/x86_64/

https://www.mersenne.ca

<code>
Debian  7 ... Cuda 4.2, backports 5.5, NVidia Driver 304, backports 340, [32 or 64-bit]
Debian  8 ... Cuda 6.0, backports 6.5, NVidia Driver 304, 340, backports 384, [32 or 64-bit, backports 64-bit only]
Debian  9 ... Cuda 8.0, backports 9.1, NVidia Driver 304, 340, 390, backports 418, [only 64-bit]
Debian 10 ... Cuda 9.2, Download Cuda 11.2.2, NVidia Driver 418
Debian 11 ... Cuda 11.2, NVidia Driver 470
Debian 12 ... Cuda 11.8, NVidia Driver 525

Fedora 20 ... Download Cuda 6.5
Fedora 23 ... Download Cuda 8.0 GA2
Fedora 29 ... Download Cuda 10.2
Fedora 32 ... Download Cuda 11.1
Fedora 33 ... Download Cuda 11.4
Fedora 34 ... Download Cuda 11.5
Fedora 35 ... Download Cuda 11.8
Fedora 36 ... Download Cuda 12.0
Fedora 37 ... Download Cuda 12.3
Fedora 39 ... Download Cuda 12.6

Ubuntu 18.04 ... Download Cuda 10.2
Ubuntu 20.04 ... Download Cuda 11.2.2
</code>

===== Alma Linux Cuda 12 =====

==== cuda-mini ====

https://gitlab.fjfi.cvut.cz/culikzde/peri/-/blob/main/cuda-mini/cuda-mini.cu

<code make>
NVCC = /usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc

compile_and_run:
        $(NVCC) cuda-mini.cu -o cuda-mini
        ./cuda-mini
</code>

==== cuda-matrix ====

https://cnugteren.github.io/tutorial/pages/page10.html

https://gitlab.fjfi.cvut.cz/culikzde/peri/-/tree/main/cuda-matrix

<code make>
CUDA_DIR = /usr/local/cuda
NVCC = $(CUDA_DIR)/bin/nvcc

CXXFLAGS += -D ENABLE_CUDA
CXXFLAGS += -D ENABLE_OPENCL

LIBRARIES = -lOpenCL
KERNEL_NUM = 2

matrix: cuGEMM.cu clGEMM.cc main.cc
       echo "#define KERNEL $(KERNEL_NUM)" > config.h
       $(NVCC) $(CXXFLAGS) $^ -o $@ $(LIBRARIES)
</code>

==== cuda-owl ====

https://github.com/OrangeOwlSolutions/PDEs/blob/master/Poisson/Jacobi/Poisson_Equation_Jacobi.cu

https://gitlab.fjfi.cvut.cz/culikzde/peri/-/tree/main/cuda-owl

<code make>
CUDA_DIR = /usr/local/cuda
NVCC = $(CUDA_DIR)/bin/nvcc

LIBRARIES = -lcublas

heat: Heat_Equation_2D_Jacobi.cu
        $(NVCC) $^ -o $@ $(LIBRARIES)
</code>

===== Arch Linux Cuda 10 =====

<code>
pacman -S --needed base-devel
pacman -S git
git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/yay.git

edit /etc/makepkg.conf ... MAKEFLAGS="-j4"
cd yay ;  makepkg -si

yay gcc8
yay cuda-10.2
yay nvidia-470xx-dkms

remove current nvidia drivers
   pacman -R nvidia nvidia-utils opencl-nvidia

install old nvidia drivers and cuda
   pacman -U nvidia-470xx-dkms-470.86-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst nvidia-470xx-utils-470.86-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst opencl-nvidia-470xx-470.86-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst
   pacman -U cuda-10.2-10.2.89-3-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst

disable nouveau
   file /modprobe/nouveau
   blacklist nouveau
</code>

===== Arch Linux Cuda 8 =====

<code>
   https://jlk.fjfi.cvut.cz/arch/repo/README.html
   pacman -S nvidia-470xx-dkms

https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/unofficial_user_repositories#arch4edu
   pacman -S gcc8 (qt4)

edit /etc/makepkg.conf ... MAKEFLAGS="-j4"
   cd yay ;  makepkg -si

yay cuda-8.0

</code>

===== Ubuntu 20.04 Cuda 10 =====

<code>
mount -r ubuntu-mate-20.04-desktop-amd64.iso disk1
mount -r disk1/casper/filesystem.squashfs disk2
</code>

copy files from disk2 to root directory

<code>
file /etc/fstab
/dev/sdaN / auto errors=remount-ro 0 0
</code>

<code>
edit /etc/shadow
edit /etc/hostname
</code>

<code>
useradd -b /local -m -s /bin/bash uzivatel
</code>

<code>
rm /etc/localtime
ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Prague /etc/localtime

edit /etc/locale.gen
locale-gen
</code>

<code>
file /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
</code>

<code>
copy to /boot
initrd.img-5.4.0-26-generic
vmlinuz-5.4.0-26-generic
</code>

<code>
optionally
apt install linux-image-5.4.0-26-generic
update-initramfs -c -k all
</code>

<code>
menuentry "Ubuntu 20.04" {
    set root=(hdN,M)
    linux  /boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/sdaM ro quiet
    initrd /boot/initrd.img
}
</code>

<code>
optionally
apt install dkms_2.8.1-5ubuntu1_all.deb
apt install r8125-dkms_9.010.01-1_all.deb
</code>

<code>
apt install nvidia-driver-440
apt install nvidia-cuda-dev
apt install nvidia-cuda-toolkit
</code>

<code>
apt install kdevelop qtcreator kate meld
</code>

==== OpenFOAM ====

**root**

<code bash>
apt install mc git

sh -c "wget -O - https://dl.openfoam.org/gpg.key > /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/openfoam.asc"
add-apt-repository http://dl.openfoam.org/ubuntu
apt-get update
apt-get -y install openfoam9
</code>

**user**

<code bash>
cd ~
git clone https://gitlab.com/foam-for-nuclear/offbeat
mv offbeat Offbeat
cd ~/Offbeat
source /opt/openfoam9/etc/bashrc
make -j

mkdir ~/test

cp -r /opt/openfoam9/tutorials/mesh/blockMesh/sphere ~/test/sphere
cd  ~/test/sphere
source /opt/openfoam9/etc/bashrc
./Allrun
paraFoam -builtin

cp -r ~/Offbeat/Cases/testCases/generic_pwr_2D_rTheta ~/test/generic_pwr_2D_rTheta
cd ~/test/generic_pwr_2D_rTheta
source /opt/openfoam9/etc/bashrc
./Allrun
paraFoam
</code>

[[http://kmlinux.fjfi.cvut.cz/~culikzde/openfoam/offbeat-ubuntu-20-04.tgz|offbeat-ubuntu-20-04.tgz]]

( rename offbeat to Offbeat, rename uzivatel-9 to <username>-9 )

==== Live DVD ====

**create new filesystem.squashfs**

directories: modified, original, result

<code>
Copy from running Ubuntu to modified
   etc
   home
   opt
   usr
   var
   (root) 
</code>

<code>
mkdir original
mount -r -t squashfs casper/filesystem.squashfs original 
</code>

mkdir result

Copy files from original to result

Replace directories from modified

umount original

<code>
mksquashfs result filesystem.squashfs
</code>

**data for new DVD**

directories: old_disk, new_disk

<code>
mkdir old_disk
mount -r ubuntu-mate-20.04-desktop-amd64.iso old_disk
</code>

<code>
mkdir new_disk
copy files from old_disk, replace new filesystem.squashfs
umount old_disk
</code>

<code>
new_disk, isolinux/txt.cfg, 
add to line with command 'append'
fsck.mode=skip

append  file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu-mate.seed initrd=/casper/initrd fsck.mode=skip quiet splash ---
</code>

from https://askubuntu.com/questions/1313247/disable-integrity-check-on-ubuntu-server-20-04-1-iso

**create .iso**

without UEFI

<code bash>
genisoimage \
-cache-inodes \
-J \
-joliet-long \
-b 'isolinux/isolinux.bin' \
-c 'isolinux/boot.cat' \
-no-emul-boot \
-boot-load-size 4 \
-boot-info-table \
-volid 'Custom' \
-o ubuntu-mate-20.04-openfoam-amd64.iso \
new_disk
</code>

from https://help.ubuntu.com/community/InstallCDCustomization#Preparing_the_bootable_medium

( pacman -S cdrkit )

**grub.cfg**

<code>
menuentry "Ubuntu Mate 20.04" {
    set dir="/ubuntu-20-04"
    linux $dir/casper/vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=$dir showmounts
    initrd $dir/casper/initrd
}

menuentry "Ubuntu Mate 20.04 (from iso)" {
    set dir="/ubuntu-20-04"
    # set isofile="$dir/ubuntu-mate-22.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
    set isofile="$dir/ubuntu-mate-22.04-openfoam-amd64.iso"
    loopback loop $isofile
    linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=$isofile showmounts noprompt noeject
    initrd (loop)/casper/initrd
}
</code>

=====Debian 10 Cuda 9=====

===Install===
<code>
menuentry "Install Debian 10 (64-bit)" {
    linux  /debian10/gtk/vmlinuz vga=788
    initrd /debian10/gtk/initrd.gz
    # vmlinuz and initrd.gz from ftp://.../dists/Debian10.12/main/installer-amd64/current/images/hd-media/gtk
    # iso image in root directory https://cdimage.debian.org/mirror/cdimage/archive/10.12.0/amd64/iso-dvd/

# linux  /debian10/gtk/linux vga=788
    # initrd /debian10/gtk/initrd.gz
    # linux and initrd.gz from ftp://.../dists/Debian10.9/main/installer-amd64/current/images/netboot/gtk/debian-installer/amd64
}
</code>

debian-10.12.0-amd64-DVD-1.iso do kořenového adresáře nebo do adresáře "první úrovně"

===Clone===

<code>
# dnf install partclone
# umount /mnt/disk9
partclone.ext4 -c -s /dev/sda9 -o debian-10.12-fresh-inst.img -L clone.log -x 'gzip -c -9'
</code>

===Boot from btrfs===

<code bash>
menuentry "Debian 10 Buster" {
    set root=($sda,15)
    set dev="/dev/sda15"
    set vol="/debian10-a"
    linux  $vol/vmlinuz root=$dev rootflags=subvol=$vol ro quiet
    initrd $vol/initrd.img
}
</code>

/etc/fstab

<code>
dev/sda15    btrfs   defaults,subvol=/debian10-a   0   0
</code>

===Config===

<code>
# Resume=none
mcedit /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/resume
update-initramfs -u
</code>

<code>
/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/...
APT::Keep-Downloaded-Packages "true";
</code>

===Cuda===

<code>
apt-get install nvidia-driver nvidia-cuda-toolkit freeglut3-dev
apt-get install mc qtcreator kdevelop python3-pyqt5
</code>

Mandelbrot
<code>
apt-get install freeglut3-dev

Makefile
CUDA_PATH ?= /usr/
SMS ?= 30

GLPATH=/usr/lib make
</code>

=====Debian 9 Cuda 8=====

<code>
apt install linux-image-
apt install linux-headers-
apt install nvidia-driver nvidia-smi
apt install nvidia-cuda-toolkit
</code>
=====Debian 8 Cuda 6 =====

<code>
deb [trusted=yes] http://archive.debian.org/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free
</code>

<code>
apt install nvidia-driver nvidia-xconfig nvidia-smi nvidia-cuda-toolkit
</code>

spustit **nvidia-xconfig**, vytvori **/etc/X11/xorg.conf**

=====Debian 7 (32-bit) Cuda 4.2 =====

<code>
deb [trusted=yes] http://archive.debian.org/debian/ wheezy main contrib non-free
</code>

<code>
apt install xserver-xorg-video-nvidia nvidia-smi nvidia-cuda-toolkit
</code>

spustit **nvidia-xconfig**, vytvori **/etc/X11/xorg.conf**

===== Slax 9 Cuda 8 =====

<code>
menuentry "Slax 32-bit (Fresh start)" {
    linux  /slax32/boot/vmlinuz from=/slax32/ vga=normal load_ramdisk=1 prompt_ramdisk=0 rw printk.time=0
    initrd /slax32/boot/initrfs.img
    # slax.flags=automount
}

menuentry "Slax 64-bit (Persistent changes)" {
    linux /slax64/boot/vmlinuz from=/slax64/ vga=normal load_ramdisk=1 prompt_ramdisk=0 rw printk.time=0 slax.flags=perch
    initrd /slax64/boot/initrfs.img
}

menuentry "Slax 64-bit (Fresh start)" {
    linux  /slax64/boot/vmlinuz from=/slax64/ vga=normal load_ramdisk=1 prompt_ramdisk=0 rw printk.time=0
    initrd /slax64/boot/initrfs.img
}

menuentry "Slax 64-bit (Copy to RAM)" {
    linux  /slax64/boot/vmlinuz from=/slax64/ vga=normal load_ramdisk=1 prompt_ramdisk=0 rw printk.time=0 slax.flags=toram
    initrd /slax64/boot/initrfs.img
}
</code>

<code>
menuentry "Slax 11 64-bit (Copy to RAM)" {
    linux /slax11_64/boot/vmlinuz from=/slax11_64/ vga=normal load_ramdisk=1 prompt_ramdisk=0 rw printk.time=0 consoleblank=0 slax.flags=toram
    initrd /slax11_64/boot/initrfs.img
}
</code>

https://www.slax.org/starting.php

https://www.slax.org/customize.php

====modprobe.blacklist=nouveau====

<code>
menuentry "Slax 64-bit (Mini)" {
    linux  /slax64-mini/boot/vmlinuz from=/slax64-mini/ vga=normal load_ramdisk=1 prompt_ramdisk=0 rw printk.time=0 slax.flags=automount modprobe.blacklist=nouveau
    initrd /slax64-mini/boot/initrfs.img
}
</code>

<code>
boot/initrfs.img
boot/vmlinuz
01-core.sb
01-firmware.sb
</code>

==== NVidia Driver  ===

slax-64bit-9.9.0.iso uses kernel linux-image-4.9.0-9-amd64_4.9.168-1_amd64.deb

But repository contains linux-headers-4.9.0-19  **(19, not 9)**

** start installation nvidia-driver with original Slax /etc/apt/sources.list **

<code>
apt install nvidia-driver
apt remove linux-headers-4.9.0-19-amd64
apt remove linux-headers-4.9.0-19-common
</code>

====Install Linux headers====

=== First variant - Debian CD/DVD ===

https://cdimage.debian.org/mirror/cdimage/archive/9.9.0/amd64/list-dvd/

debian-9.9.0-amd64-DVD-1

linux-headers-4.9.0-9-common_4.9.168-1_all.deb

linux-headers-4.9.0-9-amd64_4.9.168-1_amd64.deb

https://ftp.cae.tntech.edu/debian-cd/dvd/
http://ftp.uvigo.es/debian-cd/9.9.0/amd64/iso-dvd/

<code>
deb [trusted=yes] file:/mnt/.../dvd stretch main contrib
</code>

use archive.debian.org

=== Second variant - change to 4.9.0-9 /etc/apt/sources.list ===

<code>
# deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free
# deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib non-free
# deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security stretch/updates main contrib non-free

deb http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20190501T041322Z stretch main contrib non-free
deb http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20190501T041322Z stretch-updates main contrib non-free
deb http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian-security/20190501T041322Z stretch/updates main contrib non-free

# deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free
</code>

/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80no_time_check
<code>
Acquire::Check-Valid-Until "0";
</code>

** install old linux headers 4.8.0-9 , not old nvidia-driver **

<code>
apt update
apt install linux-headers-4.9.0-9-amd64
</code>

=== Third variant - snapshot.debian.org ===

http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20190501T041322Z/pool/main/l/linux/linux-headers-4.9.0-9-amd64_4.9.168-1_amd64.deb

http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20190501T041322Z/pool/main/l/linux/linux-headers-4.9.0-9-common_4.9.168-1_all.deb

==== Continue with original Slax /etc/apt/sources.list ====

<code>
deb http://archive.debian.org/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free
deb http://archive.debian.org/debian/ stretch-updates main contrib non-free
# deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security stretch/updates main contrib non-free

deb-src http://archive.debian.org/debian/ stretch main contrib non-free
</code>

<code>
apt update
</code>

<code>
dkms remove nvidia-current/390.116 --all
dkms install nvidia-current/390.116
dkms status
</code>

<code>
savechanges 02-nvidia-driver.sb
</code>

<code>
apt install nvidia-cuda-toolkit nvidia-smi
</code>

<code>
savechanges 03-cuda-toolkit.sb
</code>

<code>
apt install task-mate-desktop firefox-esr
</code>

<code>
savechanges 04-mate-desktop.sb
</code>

<code>
modprobe nvidia-drm
modprobe nvidia
startx 
</code>

==== Applications =====

<code>
nvcc --ccbin clang-3.8 cuda-mini.cc -lstdc++
</code>

<code>
apt install freeglut3-dev libglew-dev
</code>

<code>
apt install build-essential qtbase5-dev qtcreator python3-pyqt5
(python3 view.py)
</code>

=== Other applications ===

<code>
apt install mate-desktop-environment

apt install firefox-esr

apt install qtcreator
apt install kdevelop kdevelop-dev kdevelop-php kdevelop-python

apt install libreoffice
apt install meld
apt install kate

apt install build-essential
apt install automake binutils-dev libltdl-dev
apt install libgtk2.0-dev 
apt install libgtk-3-dev
apt install libqt4-dev 
apt install qtbase5-dev

apt install python-qt4 
apt install python-pyqt5 
apt install python3-pyqt4 
apt install python3-pyqt5

apt install python-pyqt5.qtwebengine
</code>

=== Download all source packages ===

<code bash>
#!/bin/bash
mkdir source
cd source
dpkg --get-selections | while read line
do
        package=`echo $line | awk '{print $1}'`
        apt-get -q source --download-only $package
done
</code>

--------

======Grub 2======

<code>
# file /boot/grub2/grub.cfg or /boot/grub/grub.cfg

# set root=(hd0,1)  # (hd0,1) ... sda1

# mkfs.ext4 -O ^has_journal /dev/sdx1
# tune2fs -l /dev/sdx1
# tune2fs -m 0 /dev/sdx1 # no reservered blocks

# mkdir /mnt/other
# mount /dev/sdx1 /mnt/other
# mkdir /mnt/other/dev
# mount --bind /dev /mnt/other/dev
# grub2-install /dev/sdx --boot-directory=/mnt/other/boot

set default=1
set timeout=60

set menu_color_normal=cyan/blue
set menu_color_highlight=white/blue

# set menu_color_normal=white/blue
# set menu_color_highlight=yellow/red
# set color_normal=yellow/black
# set color_highlight=green/dark-gray
</code>

<code>
# menuentry "sda1 Microsoft Windows 7/8" {
# 	set root=(hd0,1)
# 	insmod part_msdos
# 	insmod ntfs
# 	insmod ntldr
# 	ntldr /bootmgr
# }

# menuentry "sda1 Microsoft Windows XP" {
# 	set root=(hd0,1)
# 	insmod part_msdos
# 	insmod ntfs
# 	insmod ntldr
# 	ntldr /ntldr
# }

menuentry "sda2 Windows" {
        insmod part_msdos
        insmod ntfs
        set root='hd0,msdos2'
        parttool ${root} hidden-
        drivemap -s (hd0) ${root}
        chainloader +1
}
</code>

<code>
menuentry "Grub from sda3" {
    set root=(hd1,3) # hd1 ... sda, when booting from second disk
    drivemap -s (hd0) (hd1)
    chainloader +1
}
</code>

<code>

menuentry "sda7 Fedora 34" {
    set root=(hd0,7)
    chainloader +1

# configfile /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

# linux  /boot/vmlinuz-5.11.12-300.fc34.x86_64 root=/dev/sda7 ro quiet
    # initrd /boot/initramfs-5.11.12-300.fc34.x86_64.img
}
</code>

===== BTRFS =====

<code>
menuentry "Arch Linux" {
    set root=(hd0,15)
    set dev="/dev/sda15"
    set vol="/archlinux-a"
    linux  $vol/boot/vmlinuz-linux root=$dev rootflags=subvol=$vol rw quiet
    initrd $vol/boot/initramfs-linux.img
}

menuentry "Debian 9 Stretch" {
    set root=(hd0,15)
    linux  /debian9/boot/vmlinuz-4.9.0-15-amd64 root=/dev/sda15 rootflags=subvol=/debian9 ro quiet
    initrd /debian9/boot/initrd.img-4.9.0-15-amd64
}

menuentry "Debian 10 Buster" {
    set root=(hd0,15)
    linux  /debian10/boot/vmlinuz-4.19.0-16-amd64 root=/dev/sda15 rootflags=subvol=/debian10 ro quiet
    initrd /debian10/boot/initrd.img-4.19.0-16-amd64
}

menuentry "Debian 11 Bullseye" {
    set root=(hd0,15)
    linux  /debian11/boot/vmlinuz-5.10.0-6-amd64 root=/dev/sda15 rootflags=subvol=/debian11 ro quiet
    initrd /debian11/boot/initrd.img-5.10.0-6-amd64
}

menuentry "Fedora 33" {
    set root=(hd0,15)
    set dev="/dev/sda15"
    set vol="/fedora33"
    set dir="$vol/boot"
    set ver="5.8.15-301.fc33.x86_64"
    linux  $dir/vmlinuz-$ver root=$dev rootflags=subvol=$vol ro rhgb quiet
    initrd $dir/initramfs-$ver.img
    # /etc/fstab  /dev/sda15  /  btrfs subvol=/fedora33 0 0
}

menuentry "Fedora 34" {
    set root=(hd0,15)
    set dev="/dev/sda15"
    set vol="/fedora34"
    set dir="$vol/boot"
    set ver="5.11.12-300.fc34.x86_64"
    linux  $dir/vmlinuz-$ver root=$dev rootflags=subvol=$vol ro rhgb quiet
    initrd $dir/initramfs-$ver.img
    # /etc/fstab  subvol=/fedora34
}

menuentry "Ubuntu 18.04" {
    set root=($sda,15)
    set dev="/dev/sda15"
    set vol="/ubuntu18.04-a"
    set dir="$vol/boot"
    set ver="5.4.0-48-generic"
    linux  $dir/vmlinuz-$ver root=$dev rootflags=subvol=$vol ro quiet
    initrd $dir/initrd.img-$ver
    # /etc/fstab  subvol=/ubuntu18.04-a    WITHOUT    errors=remount-ro
}

</code>

<code>
grep -i btrfs /boot/config-4.13.9-300.fc27.x86_64

mkinitrd /boot/initramfs.img 4.13.9-300.fc27.x86_64 --force

lsinitrd initramfs-4.18.16-300.fc29.x86_64.img | grep nouveau
lsinitrd | grep btrfs
</code>

===== Linux Installation ====

=== ArchLinux ===

<code>
menuentry "Install Arch Linux" {
	# set root=(hd0,1)
	set label="start"
	linux  /archlinux/vmlinuz-linux archisobasedir=archlinux archisolabel=$label
	initrd /archlinux/initramfs-linux.img
        # archisodevice=/dev/...
}

menuentry "Install Arch Linux (from iso)" {
	# set label="start"
	set device="/dev/..."
	set isofile="/boot/archlinux/archlinux-2022.05.01-x86_64.iso"
	loopback loop $isofile
	# linux (loop)/arch/boot/x86_64/vmlinuz-linux img_label=$label img_loop=$isofile earlymodules=loop
	linux (loop)/arch/boot/x86_64/vmlinuz-linux img_dev=$device img_loop=$isofile earlymodules=loop
	initrd (loop)/arch/boot/intel-ucode.img
	initrd (loop)/arch/boot/amd-ucode.img
	initrd (loop)/arch/boot/x86_64/initramfs-linux.img
}

menuentry "Install Arch Linux" {
   set device="/dev/..."
   set isofile="/archlinux-2024.12.01-x86_64.iso"
   set dir="arch/boot/x86_64"
   loopback loop $isofile
   linux (loop)/$dir/vmlinuz-linux img_dev=$device img_loop=$isofile earlymodules=loop
   initrd (loop)/$dir/initramfs-linux.img
}
</code>

=== Debian ===

<code>
menuentry "Install Debian 7 (32-bit)" {
	linux  /debian7/gtk/vmlinuz vga=788
 	initrd /debian7/gtk/initrd.gz
	# vmlinuz and initrd from ftp://.../dists/.../main/installer-i386/.../images/hd-media
	# .iso file in root directory on some disk partition
}

menuentry "Install Debian 8 (32-bit)" {
	linux  /debian8/gtk/vmlinux vga=788
	initrd /debian8/gtk/initrd.gz
	# linux and initrd.gz from ftp://.../dists/Debian8.11/main/installer-i386/current/images/netboot/gtk/debian-installer/i386
}

menuentry "Install Debian 9 (64-bit)" {
	linux  /debian9/gtk/linux vga=788
	initrd /debian9/gtk/initrd.gz
	# linux and initrd.gz from ftp://.../dists/Debian9.13/main/installer-amd64/current/images/netboot/gtk/debian-installer/amd64
}

menuentry "Install Debian 10 (64-bit)" {
	linux  /debian10/gtk/linux vga=788
	initrd /debian10/gtk/initrd.gz
	# linux and initrd.gz from ftp://.../dists/Debian10.9/main/installer-amd64/current/images/netboot/gtk/debian-installer/amd64
}
</code>

=== Fedora ===

<code>
menuentry "Install Fedora 34 (64-bit)" {
    # set root=(hd0,1)
    set disk="sda3"
    linux  /fedora34/x86_64/isolinux/vmlinuz inst.repo=hd:$disk:/fedora34/x86_64 inst.ks=hd:$disk:/fedora34/x86_64/fedora34.ks
    initrd /fedora34/x86_64/isolinux/initrd.img
}
</code>

<code>
menuentry "Install Fedora 37" {
        set disk="hd:LABEL=start"
        set dir="/fedora37/x86_64"
        set ks="fedora37.ks"
        linux  $dir/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz inst.repo=$disk:$dir inst.ks=hd:$disk:$dir/$ks
        initrd $dir/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
}
</code>

=== Fedora UEFI ===

From http://gist.github.com/hzhangxyz/c61447d5dd8720d3ae67794444c3dfe3

/EFI/Fedora/grub.cfg ( and grubx64.efi )

<code>
search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=dev aaaabbbb-cccc-dddd-eeee-ffffaaaabbbb
set prefix=($dev)/boot/grub2

export $prefix
configfile $prefix/grub.cfg
</code>

/EFI/Install/grub.cfg ( and grubx64.efi and images subdirectory from net-install)

<code>
menuentry 'Install Fedora 38' {
        linuxefi /EFI/Install/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz inst.stage2=hd:UUID=ABCD-ABCD:/EFI/Install
        initrdefi /EFI/Install/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
}
</code>

=== Fedora 42 BIOS ===

<code>
menuentry "Install Fedora 42" {
        set disk="sda3"
        set dir="/fedora42/x86_64"
        set ks="fedora42.ks"
        linux  $dir/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz inst.repo=hd:$disk:$dir inst.ks=hd:$disk:$dir/$ks
        initrd $dir/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
}
</code>

Not working:

<code>
menuentry "Install Fedora 42 (from iso)" {
        set dir="/fedora42"
        set iso="fedora42.iso"
        set ks="fedora42.ks"
        loopback loop $dir/$iso
        linux  (loop)/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz iso-scan/filename=$dir/$iso inst.repo=hd:LABEL=Fedora-E-dvd-x86_64-42 inst.ks=hd:$disk:$dir/$ks
        initrd (loop)/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
}
</code>

===== Fedora Live =====

<code>
menuentry "Fedora 38 Mate Live" {
        set iso_name="Fedora-MATE-Live-38-1-6"
        set iso_file="Fedora-MATE_Compiz-Live-x86_64-38-1.6.iso"
        loopback loop /$iso_file # only one slash
        linux (loop)/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz rd.live.image verbose root=live:LABEL=$iso_name iso-scan/filename=$iso_file
        initrd (loop)/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
}

menuentry "Fedora 38 LXQt Live" {
        set iso_name="Fedora-LXQt-Live-38-1-6"
        set iso_file="Fedora-LXQt-Live-x86_64-38-1.6.iso"
        loopback loop /$iso_file # only one slash
        # loopback loop (hdN,M)/$iso_file # only one slash
        linux (loop)/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz rd.live.image verbose root=live:LABEL=$iso_name iso-scan/filename=$iso_file
        initrd (loop)/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
}
</code>

http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/dracut.cmdline.7.html

https://github.com/dracutdevs/dracut/blob/master/modules.d/90dmsquash-live/dmsquash-generator.sh#L5

[[http://github.com/dracutdevs/dracut/blob/master/modules.d/90dmsquash-live/iso-scan.sh|iso-scan/filename=]]

===== Gentoo CD =====

<code>
menuentry "System Rescue CD 5.3.2 (64-bit)" {
   linux  /boot/sysrcd-5.3.2/rescue64 subdir=boot/sysrcd-5.3.2 setkmap=us docache ar_source=/dev/sdb1
   initrd /boot/sysrcd-5.3.2/initram.igz
}
</code>

===== Arch Linux CD =====

<code>
menuentry "System Rescue CD 6.0.3 (64-bit)" {
   set label="start"
   set dir="sysrcd-6.0.3"
   linux /boot/$dir/vmlinuz archisobasedir=boot/$dir archisolabel=$label copytoram
   initrd /boot/$dir/intel_ucode.img /boot/$dir/amd_ucode.img /boot/$dir/sysresccd.img
   # file in /boot/sysrcd-6.0.3/x86_64 : airootfs.sfs
   # file in /boot/sysrcd-6.0.3 : vmlinuz sysresccd.img intel_ucode.img amd_ucode.img
}

menuentry "System Rescue CD 8.0.3 (64-bit)" {
   set label="start"
   set dir="sysrcd-8.0.3"
   linux /boot/$dir/vmlinuz archisobasedir=boot/$dir archisolabel=$label copytoram
   initrd /boot/$dir/intel_ucode.img /boot/$dir/amd_ucode.img /boot/$dir/sysresccd.img
   # file in /boot/sysrcd-8.0.3/x86_64 : airootfs.sfs
   # file in /boot/sysrcd-8.0.3 : vmlinuz sysresccd.img intel_ucode.img amd_ucode.img
}

menuentry "System Rescue CD 11.03 (64-bit)" {
   set device="/dev/..."
   set isofile="/systemrescue-11.03-amd64.iso"
   set dir="sysreccd/boot"
   loopback loop $isofile
   linux (loop)/$dir/x86_64//vmlinuz-linux img_dev=$device img_loop=$isofile earlymodules=loop copytoram
   initrd (loop)/$dir/intel-ucode.img
   initrd (loop)/$dir/amd-ucode.img
   initrd (loop)/$dir/x86_64/initramfs-linux.img
}
</code>

https://github.com/alfredopalhares/Archiso/blob/master/README

( cow_label=FS_LABEL or cow_device=/dev/DEVICE )

[[http://github.com/archlinux/mkinitcpio-archiso/blob/master/hooks/archiso#L177|archisodevice=]]

===== Ubuntu =====

<code>
menuentry "Ubuntu Mate 18.04 (32-bit)" {
    set dir="/ubuntu-mate-18.04"
    linux $dir/casper/vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=$dir layerfs-path=filesystem.prog.squashfs showmounts
    initrd $dir/casper/initrd
    # sudo umount -l -r -f /isodevice
    # files casper/filesystem.squashfs and casper/filesystem.prog.squashfs
}

menuentry "Ubuntu Mate 20.04" {
    set dir="/ubuntu-mate-20.04"
    linux $dir/casper/vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=$dir showmounts
    initrd $dir/casper/initrd
    # linux $dir/casper/vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=$dir layerfs-path=filesystem.prog.squashfs showmounts
    # sudo umount -l -r -f /isodevice
    # files casper/filesystem.squashfs and casper/filesystem.prog.squashfs
}

menuentry "Ubuntu Mate 20.04 (from iso)" {
    set dir="/ubuntu-mate-20.04-iso"
    set isofile="$dir/ubuntu-mate-20.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
    loopback loop $isofile
    linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=$isofile showmounts noprompt noeject
    initrd (loop)/casper/initrd
}

menuentry "Ubuntu Mate 24.04" {
        set dir="/ubuntu-mate-24.04"
        set isofile="$dir/ubuntu-mate-24.04.2-desktop-amd64.iso"
        loopback loop $isofile
        set root=(loop)
        linux /casper/vmlinuz boot=casper iso-scan/filename=$isofile
        initrd /casper/initrd
}
</code>

http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/focal/en/man7/casper.7.html

( persistent,   persistent-path )

[[http://git.launchpad.net/casper/tree/scripts/casper#n59|live-media=]]

===== Debian Live =====

<code>
menuentry "Install Debian 9 (32-bit, from iso)" {
    set dir="/debian9-iso"
    set isofile="$dir/debian-live-9.0.0-i386-mate.iso"
    loopback loop $isofile
    set root=(loop)
    linux  /live/vmlinuz-4.9.0-3-686 boot=live components splash quiet findiso=$isofile
    initrd /live/initrd.img-4.9.0-3-686
}
</code>

<code>
menuentry "Debian 11 (from iso)" {
    set dir="/debian11-lxqt"
    set isofile="$dir/debian-live-11.4.0-i386-lxqt+nonfree.iso"
    loopback loop $isofile
    set root=(loop)
    linux  /live/vmlinuz-5.10.0-16-686 boot=live components splash quiet findiso=$isofile
    initrd /live/initrd.img-5.10.0-16-686
}
</code>

http://manpages.debian.org/bookworm/live-boot-doc/live-boot.7.en.html

findiso=/dev/sda1/live/image.iso

[[http://salsa.debian.org/live-team/live-boot/-/blob/master/components/9990-misc-helpers.sh#L104|findiso=]]

===== Slax =====

http://www.slax.org/starting.php

[[https://github.com/Tomas-M/linux-live/blob/master/livekitlib#L598|from=]]

<code>
menuentry "Slax 32-bit (Fresh start)" {
    linux  /slax32/boot/vmlinuz from=/slax32/ vga=normal load_ramdisk=1 prompt_ramdisk=0 rw printk.time=0 
    initrd /slax32/boot/initrfs.img
}

menuentry "Slax 64-bit (Persistent changes)" {
    linux /slax64/boot/vmlinuz from=/slax64/ vga=normal load_ramdisk=1 prompt_ramdisk=0 rw printk.time=0 slax.flags=perch
    initrd /slax64/boot/initrfs.img
}

menuentry "Slax 64-bit (Fresh start)" {
    linux  /slax64/boot/vmlinuz from=/slax64/ vga=normal load_ramdisk=1 prompt_ramdisk=0 rw printk.time=0 
    initrd /slax64/boot/initrfs.img
}

menuentry "Slax 64-bit (Copy to RAM)" {
    linux  /slax64/boot/vmlinuz from=/slax64/ vga=normal load_ramdisk=1 prompt_ramdisk=0 rw printk.time=0 slax.flags=toram
    initrd /slax64/boot/initrfs.img
}
</code>

===== OpenMandriva =====

https://github.com/dracutdevs/dracut/blob/master/modules.d/90dmsquash-live/dmsquash-generator.sh#L5

https://github.com/dracutdevs/dracut/blob/master/modules.d/90dmsquash-live/iso-scan.sh

[[https://github.com/dracutdevs/dracut/blob/master/modules.d/90dmsquash-live/parse-iso-scan.sh#L5|iso-scan/filename=]]

====== Install ======

===== Win 7 =====

32-bit Win 7

Git-2.37.2.2-32-bit.exe

TortoiseGit-2.13.0.1-32bit.msi

SharpDevelop_5.1.0.5216_Xcopyable.zip

tcmdr702.exe

WinSCP-5.21.2-Setup.exe

7z2301.msi

=== Updates ===

http://servispckupka.cz/jak_reinstalovat_windows_7_dokonceni_nastaveni.php

aktualizaci KB3020369 a poté KB3125574, což je právě "Service Pack 2"

pro 32bitovou verzi Windows 7:

KB3020369 http://servispckupka.cz/data/windows-7/Windows6.1-KB3020369-x86.msu

"Service Pack 2" KB3125574 http://www.catalog.update.microsoft.com/Search.aspx?q=3125574

=== Notepad Plus Plus ===

https://notepad-plus-plus.org/downloads/v6.9/

=== Python ===

https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.4/python-3.7.4.exe

https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/topic/update-for-universal-c-runtime-in-windows-c0514201-7fe6-95a3-b0a5-287930f3560c

pip install PyQt5==5.12

=== Qt Creator ===

https://download.qt.io/archive/qt/5.14/5.14.2/

https://download.qt.io/archive/qt/5.12/5.12.2/

=== MSYS ===

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/75660136/is-it-possible-to-install-msys2-in-windows-7

https://repo.msys2.org/distrib/msys2-i686-latest.tar.xz

https://forum.freecad.org/viewtopic.php?t=70782

https://github.com/nalexandru/api-ms-win-core-path-HACK/releases

GetSystemTimePreciseAsFileTime

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70051785/is-it-possible-to-install-a-newer-version-of-kernel32-dll-into-win-7-x64-that-in

MSYS2 MinGW 32-bit ( C:\MSys32\msys2_shell.cmd -mingw32 )

<code>

pacman -Sy

pacman -S mingw32/mingw-w64-i686-ktexteditor-qt5

pacman -S mingw32/mingw-w64-i686-cmake

pacman -S mingw32/mingw-w64-i686-extra-cmake-modules

pacman -S mingw32/mingw-w64-i686-gcc

pacman -S mingw32/mingw-w64-i686-kate

pacman -S mc

pacman -S mingw32/mingw-w64-i686-python

pacman -S mingw32/mingw-w64-i686-python-pyqt5

</code>

===== Arch Linux =====

**boot**

<code>
menuentry "Install Arch Linux" {
        # set label="start"
        set device="/dev/..."
        set isofile="/archlinux/archlinux-2022.12.01-x86_64.iso"
        loopback loop $isofile
        # linux (loop)/arch/boot/x86_64/vmlinuz-linux img_label=$label img_loop=$isofile earlymodules=loop
        linux (loop)/arch/boot/x86_64/vmlinuz-linux img_dev=$device img_loop=$isofile earlymodules=loop
        initrd (loop)/arch/boot/intel-ucode.img
        initrd (loop)/arch/boot/amd-ucode.img
        initrd (loop)/arch/boot/x86_64/initramfs-linux.img
}
</code>

<code>
menuentry "System Rescue CD 9.0.6 (64-bit)" {
        linux /sysrcd-9.0.6/vmlinuz archisolabel=start archisobasedir=sysrcd-9.0.6 copytoram
        # archisodevice=/dev/...
        initrd /sysrcd-9.0.6/intel_ucode.img /sysrcd-9.0.6/amd_ucode.img /sysrcd-9.0.6/sysresccd.img

# files:
        #   x86_64/airootfs.sfs
        #   x86_64/airootfs.sha512
        #   amd_ucode.img
        #   intel_ucode.img
        #   sysresccd.img
        #   VERSION
        #   vmlinuz
}
</code>

**mkfs**

<code>
mkfs.ext4 /dev/... -L archlinux
</code>

**mount**

<code>
mount /dev/... /mnt

mkdir -p /mnt/boot/efi
mount /dev/... /mnt/boot/efi
</code>

**mirrorlist**

<code>
cat > /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist << 'EOF'
Server = http://ftp.linux.cz/pub/linux/arch/$repo/os/$arch
Server = http://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/linux/arch/$repo/os/$arch
Server = http://ftp.uni-hannover.de/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
EOF
# 'EOF' ... single quotes ... no variable substitution
</code>

**wifi - iwctl**

<code>
station list
station wlan0 connect inet
</code>

** wifi - nmcli **

<code>
nmcli device wifi connect ...network... password "...password..."
</code>

** ip **

<code>
ip a add 10.0.0.2/24 broadcast 10.0.0.255 dev enp3s0
ip link set dev enp3s0 up
ip a show up

ip route add 10.0.0.0/24 dev enp3s0
ip route add default via 10.0.0.138 dev enp3s0
ip route list

cat /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 10.0.0.138
</code>

**pacstrap**

<code>
PACKAGES=""
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES base linux linux-firmware linux-headers"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES mc sudo networkmanager"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES grub efibootmgr"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES xorg-server xorg-xinit xorg-drivers xorg-twm xterm mate mate-extra network-manager-applet"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES openssh"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES firefox"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES man"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES dhclient iwd"

pacstrap -K /mnt $PACKAGES
</code>

https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Pacman/Package_signing

https://man.archlinux.org/man/pacman.conf.5#PACKAGE_AND_DATABASE_SIGNATURE_CHECKING

/etc/pacman.conf [options] SigLevel = Never

**fstab**

<code>
genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

echo "UUID=... /boot/efi auto defaults 0 0" >> /mnt/etc/fstab
</code>

==== arch-chroot /mnt ====

**time**

<code>
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Prague /etc/localtime
hwclock --systohc
</code>

**locale**

<code>
# edit /etc/locale.gen and uncomment en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
locale-gen
</code>

**passwd**

<code>
passwd
</code>

**mkinitcpio**

<code>
mkinitcpio -P
</code>

nebo

<code>
pacman -S linux
</code>

**local grub**

<code>
echo "GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=true" >> /etc/default/grub
# or edit /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober

grub-install --force /dev/...

mkdir -p /boot/efi
mount /dev/... /boot/efi
grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-dir=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=ArchLinux
</code>

**network**

<code>
systemctl start NetworkManager
systemctl enable NetworkManager
</code>

**packages**

<code>
pacman -Syyu
# yy ... refresh repositories

pacman -S plocate
updatedb
</code>

**startx mate**

<code>
FILE="/etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc.d/80-mate.sh"
echo "exec mate-session" > $FILE
chmod +x $FILE
</code>

**desktop**

<code>
pacman -S gnome gnome-extra
pacman -S mate mate-extra
pacman -S xfce4 xfce4-goodies
pacman -S lxqt pcmanfm-qt

pacman -S sddm
pacman -S gdm

pacman -S pipewire
</code>

.xinitrc

<code>
exec mate-session
# exec startxfce4
# exec lxqt-session
# exec xterm
# exec twm
</code>

<code>
systemctl start gdm
or
systemctl start sddm
</code>

===== Debian =====

https://www.debian.org/releases/stable/amd64/apds03.en.html

https://www.debian.org/releases/bookworm/amd64/apds03.en.html

https://www.debian.org/releases/bullseye/amd64/apds03.en.html

https://www.debian.org/releases/buster/amd64/apds03.en.html

https://www.debian.org/releases/stretch/amd64/release-notes.en.txt

<code>
ROOT_DIR="/mnt/..."
DEBIAN_URL="http://ftp.cz.debian.org/debian"

# pacman -S debootstrap

PACKAGES="mc"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES,linux-image-amd64"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES,linux-headers-amd64"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES,grub-pc"

PACKAGES="$PACKAGES,task-mate-desktop"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES,firefox-esr"

# PACKAGES="$PACKAGES libreoffice"

PACKAGES="$PACKAGES,kate"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES,kompare"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES,meld"

PACKAGES="$PACKAGES,kdevelop,kdevelop-dev"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES,qtcreator"

PACKAGES="$PACKAGES,build-essential"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES,automake,binutils-dev,libltdl-dev"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES,libgtk2.0-dev,libgtk-3-dev"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES,qtbase5-dev"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES,python3-pyqt5"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES,python3-pyqt5.qtwebengine"

if true ; then

debootstrap --arch=amd64 --include=$PACKAGES bookworm $ROOT_DIR $DEBIAN_URL

genfstab -U $ROOT_DIR >> $ROOT_DIR/etc/fstab

echo "allow-hotplug enp7s0" >> $ROOT_DIR/etc/network/interfaces
echo "iface enp7s0 inet dhcp" >> $ROOT_DIR/etc/network/interfaces

fi

cp start-debian.sh $ROOT_DIR
chroot $ROOT_DIR /bin/bash start-debian.sh
</code>

<code>
debootstrap --arch=i386 --include mc,grub,kernel-image-2.4.16-386 woody /mnt/other
debootstrap --arch=i386 --include mc,grub,kernel-image-2.6.8-4-686 sarge /mnt/other
</code>

===== Antix  =====

http://github.com/antiX-Linux/cli-installer-antix/blob/master/cli-installer

http://antixlinux.com/forum-archive/solved-new-to-window-managers-how-do-i-select-them-t1097.html

https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=96441

Notebook video=SVIDEO-1:d

update-initramfs -u -t

===== Fedora =====

<code>
#!/bin/sh

RELEASE_VER=39
# ROOT_DIR="root"
ROOT_DIR="/mnt/..."

# pacman -S dnf ;)
# https://glacion.com/2019/06/16/Fedora.html
# https://glacion.com/2021/02/01/Fedora.html

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

PACKAGES=""
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES @admin-tools"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES @base-x"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES @core"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES @dial-up"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES @fonts"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES @guest-desktop-agents"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES @hardware-support"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES @input-methods"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES @multimedia"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES @networkmanager-submodules"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES @printing"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES @standard"

PACKAGES="$PACKAGES @mate-desktop-environment"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES @mate-desktop"

PACKAGES="$PACKAGES @firefox"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES mc"
PACKAGES="$PACKAGES grub2-pc"

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# PACKAGES="@standard kernel-core mc grub2-pc"

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

# OPTIONS="--setopt=install_weak_deps=False --nodocs"

# PACKAGES=""
# PACKAGES="$PACKAGES systemd dnf glibc-langpack-en passwd rtkit policycoreutils"
# PACKAGES="$PACKAGES NetworkManager audit firewalld selinux-policy-targeted kbd sudo"
# PACKAGES="$PACKAGES vim-minimal systemd-udev rootfiles less iputils deltarpm sqlite"

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

if false ; then
   # KEY_DIR="..../etc/pki/rpm-gpg"
   KEY_DIR="keys"

FROM_DIR="/mnt/.../install/fedora39"
 
   FROM_ABS_DIR=`cd $FROM_DIR; pwd`
   REPO_SPEC="file://$FROM_ABS_DIR"

mkdir -p $ROOT_DIR
   ROOT_ABS_DIR=`cd $ROOT_DIR; pwd`

mkdir -p $ROOT_DIR/etc
   mkdir -p $ROOT_DIR/etc/yum.repos.d # empty directory, prevent using global /etc/yum.repos.d

rpmkeys --root=$ROOT_ABS_DIR --import $KEY_DIR/*$RELEASE_VER*

dnf install -y --installroot=$ROOT_ABS_DIR --repofrompath abc,$REPO_SPEC --releasever=$RELEASE_VER $OPTIONS $PACKAGES
else
   dnf install -y --installroot=$ROOT_ABS_DIR --releasever=$RELEASE_VER $OPTIONS $PACKAGES
fi

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

systemd-firstboot \
   --root=$ROOT_DIR \
   --locale=en_US.UTF-8 \
   --timezone=Europe/Prague \
   --keymap=us \
   --hostname=pc \
   --setup-machine-id

genfstab -U $ROOT_DIR >> $ROOT_DIR/etc/fstab

cp start.sh $ROOT_DIR
systemd-nspawn -D $ROOT_DIR /bin/sh start.sh

# Chroot without booting and add an user
# systemd-nspawn -D $ROOT_DIR

# Boot the system as a container
# systemd-nspawn -b -D $ROOT_DIR

# update initramfs-...img
# dracut --force
</code>

Boot: linux ... root=/dev/sdXY ro selinux=0
<code>
menuentry "Fedora 39" {
    set root=(hdX,Y)
    linux  /boot/vmlinuz-6.5.6-300.fc39.x86_64 root=/dev/sdXY ro quiet selinux=0
    initrd /boot/initramfs-6.5.6-300.fc39.x86_64.img
}
</code>

<code>
DOWNLOAD_DIR="download"
REPO="http://ftp.linux.cz/pub/linux/fedora/linux/releases/39/Everything/x86_64/os"

dnf install \
    --releasever=39 \
    --repofrompath abc,$REPO \
    --nogpgcheck \
    --downloadonly \
    --downloaddir=$DOWNLOAD_DIR \
    $PACKAGES
</code>

===== Windows Subsystem, Ubuntu ====

<code shell>
sudo apt install mc
sudo apt install build-essential
sudo apt install pkg-config
sudo apt install qtcreator
sudo apt install qmake6
sudo apt install cmake
sudo apt install ccache
sudo apt install qt6-base-dev
sudo apt install qt6-tools-dev
</code>

<code shell>
apt install g++ make pkg-config ccache
apt install qtbase5-dev
apt install qtbase5-dev-tools
apt install qttools5-dev
apt install qttools5-dev-tools
apt install qt5-qmake
</code>

<code shell>
apt install clang llvm libclang-dev libclang-cpp-dev llvm-dev liblldb-dev
</code>

<code shell>
apt install python-is-python3
apt install python3-pyqt5 python3-clang
</code>

----

====== Alma Linux Applications ======

==== Apptainer ====

<code>
apptainer build fedora:latest fedora.def    
( na KMLinuxu v adresari /tmp )

xhost +si:localuser:root

apptainer shell fedora
</code>

<code>
apptainer build --sandbox fedora:latest fedora.def
( na KMLinuxu v adresari /tmp , nelze kopirovat jinam )

apptainer shell -w fedora:latest

( na lokalnim stroji lze ... sudo apptainer shell -w fedora:latest )
</code>

File fedora.def ( /opt/containers na kmlinuxu )

<code>
BootStrap: yum
OSVersion: 40
MirrorURL: http://dfw.mirror.rackspace.com/fedora/releases/%{OSVERSION}/Everything/x86_64/os/
Include: fedora-release-container dnf
Setopt: install_weak_deps=False

%runscript
    echo "This is what happens when you run the container..."

%post
    echo "Hello from inside the container"
    dnf -y install mc
    dnf -y install @base-x xterm xeyes xclock
    dnf -y install qt-creator kate meld clang llvm lldb clang-devel llvm-devel lldb-devel python3-clang python3-pybind11 python3-devel python3-qt5 python3-qscintilla-qt5 libffi-devel
    echo "Installation finished"
</code>

=== apptainer with AlmaLinux ===

https://apptainer.org/docs/user/main/definition_files.html

File alma.def

<code>
Bootstrap: yum
OSVersion: 9
MirrorURL: http://repo.almalinux.org/almalinux/%{OSVERSION}/BaseOS/x86_64/os
Include: dnf

%post
    dnf install -y dnf-plugins-core
    dnf config-manager --set-enabled crb
    dnf install -y epel-release
    dnf -y install mc qt-creator Coin4-devel qt5-qtbase-devel libXi-devel
    rpm -Uvh /tmp/appl/SoQt-1.6.0-15.el9.x86_64.rpm
    rpm -Uvh /tmp/appl/SoQt-devel-1.6.0-15.el9.x86_64.rpm
    echo "O.K."
</code>

<code>
sudo apptainer build alma.sif alma.def

# sudo apptainer overlay create --sparse --size 1024 overlay.img
# sudo apptainer shell --overlay overlay.img alma.sif

# sudo apptainer shell -w alma 
# sudo apptainer shell --bind /etc --bind /bin --bind /usr --bind /var --overlay overlay.img alma.sif 
</code>

=== empty apptainer ===

https://apptainer.org/docs/user/main/appendix.html

File empty.def

<code>
Bootstrap: scratch

%setup
    # Runs on host - fetch static busybox binary
    curl -o /tmp/busybox https://www.busybox.net/downloads/binaries/1.31.0-i686-uclibc/busybox
    # It needs to be executable
    chmod +x /tmp/busybox

%files
    # Copy from host into empty container
    /tmp/busybox /bin/sh

%runscript
   /bin/sh
</code>

<code>
sudo apptainer build --sandbox empty empty.def
sudo apptainer shell -w empty 
</code>

==== Podman ====

Dockerfile
<code>
FROM fedora:latest

RUN dnf -y install mc
RUN dnf -y install qt-creator
RUN dnf -y install kdevelop
RUN dnf -y install xterm xeyes xclock
RUN echo "O.K."
</code>

<code>
FROM almalinux:latest

RUN dnf -y install mc

RUN dnf install -y dnf-plugins-core
RUN dnf config-manager --set-enabled crb
RUN dnf install -y epel-release

RUN dnf -y install qt-creator
RUN dnf -y install Coin4-devel
RUN dnf -y install qt5-qtbase-devel
RUN dnf -y install libXi-devel
RUN dnf -y install git

RUN curl -O http://kmlinux.fjfi.cvut.cz/~culikzde/alma-soqt/SoQt-1.6.0-15.el9.x86_64.rpm
RUN curl -O http://kmlinux.fjfi.cvut.cz/~culikzde/alma-soqt/SoQt-devel-1.6.0-15.el9.x86_64.rpm
RUN rpm -Uvh SoQt-1.6.0-15.el9.x86_64.rpm
RUN rpm -Uvh SoQt-devel-1.6.0-15.el9.x86_64.rpm

# RUN dnf -y install kdevelop
RUN dnf -y install xterm xclock
RUN echo "O.K."
</code>

<code>
podman build -f Dockerfile -t fedora
podman run -it --net=host -e DISPLAY fedora
podman run -it --net=host -e DISPLAY -v  ~/.Xauthority:/root/.Xauthority fedora
</code>

<code>
xhost +si:localuser:root
</code>

<code>
/*
podman pull registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora:latest
podman images
podman run -it fedora:latest

podman volume create fedora-volume
run -it -v /tmp/fedora-podman/volumes/fedora-volume fedora:latest

podman run -it -v /var/lib/containers/storage/volumes/fedora-volume fedora:latest

volume mi nikde nefunguje
*/
</code>

grep HOME /etc/containers/storage.conf

file ~/.config/containers/storage.conf

<code>
[storage]
  graphroot = "/tmp/fedora-podman"
</code>

https://superuser.com/questions/1407370/how-to-run-an-x11-application-xclock-on-podman

https://devtodevops.com/podman-clear-cache/

<code>
podman container prune -f
podman image prune -a -f
podman volume prune -f
podman network prune -f
</code>

https://docs.oracle.com/en/operating-systems/oracle-linux/podman/podman-ConfiguringStorageforPodman.html#podman-install-storage

==== Virtual Box ====

<code>
dnf install kernel-devel
dnf install kernel-headers
dnf install kernel-devel-5.14.0-427.33.1.el9_4.x86_64
dnf install dkms

dnf config-manager --add-repo=https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/rpm/el/virtualbox.repo
dnf install VirtualBox-7.1
/sbin/vboxconfig
</code>

==== cvmfs ====

https://medium.com/@saurvs/setting-up-a-local-cernvm-fs-repository-9218afd4a710

https://cernvm-forum.cern.ch/t/cvmfs-to-distribute-software-to-laptops-of-organization/396

https://github.com/cvmfs/cvm19-tutorial

https://cvmfs-contrib.github.io/cvmfs-tutorial-2021/02_stratum0_client/

https://github.com/qcif/cvmfs-setup-example

----

====== Open Inventor ======

<code>
QT += core gui
greaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4): QT += widgets

TARGET = qt-inventor.bin

HEADERS +=  qt-inventor.h
SOURCES += qt-inventor.cc
FORMS +=  qt-inventor.ui

# Menu Edit / Prefferences / Kits / Qt Version
# Qt5 from MSys ... C:\Appl\MSys64\mingw64\qmake.exe

# Menu Edit / Prefferences / Kits / Kit
# MinGW 11 C, MinGW 11 C++, Qt Version = Qt5 from MSys

DEFINES += COIN_DLL SOQT_DLL
LIBS += -lCoin-80 -lSoQt
# LIBS += -L C:\Appl\MSys64\mingw64\bin -lCoin-80 -lSoQt

# INCLUDEPATH += C:\Appl\Qt\add\include
# DEFINES += COIN_DLL SOQT_DLL
# LIBS += -L C:\Appl\Qt\add\bin -lCoin-80 -lSoQt

# https://packages.msys2.org/packages/mingw-w64-x86_64-coin
# https://mirror.msys2.org/mingw/mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-coin-4.0.3-2-any.pkg.tar.zst

# https://packages.msys2.org/packages/mingw-w64-x86_64-soqt-qt5
# https://mirror.msys2.org/mingw/mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-soqt-qt5-1.6.3-1-any.pkg.tar.zst

# https://packages.msys2.org/packages/mingw-w64-x86_64-expat
# https://mirror.msys2.org/mingw/mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-expat-2.6.3-1-any.pkg.tar.zst

# Source https://mirror.msys2.org/mingw/sources/mingw-w64-coin-4.0.3-2.src.tar.zst

</code>

====Windows Subsytem, Ubuntu====

instalace Ubuntu, v PowerShellu
<code>
wsl --install
</code>

<code bash>
sudo apt install mc
sudo apt install build-essential
sudo apt install libsoqt520-dev

sudo apt install qtcreator clang
</code>

File qt-inventor.pro
<code>
QT += core gui widgets
TARGET = qt-inventor.bin

HEADERS +=  qt-inventor.h
SOURCES += qt-inventor.cc
FORMS +=  qt-inventor.ui

LIBS += -lCoin -lSoQt
</code>

<code bash>
git clone https://gitlab.fjfi.cvut.cz/culikzde/peri
cd peri/QtInventor
mkdir build
cd build
qmake ../qt-inventor.pro
make
./qt-inventor.bin
</code>

==== Windows Subsystem, Fedora Remix ====

https://github.com/WhitewaterFoundry/Fedora-Remix-for-WSL/releases

wsl -d fedoraremix -u root

<code>
dnf install mc qt-creator SoCoin4-devel SoQt-devel
git clone https://gitlab.fjfi.cvut.cz/culikzde/uop
cd uop/QtInventor
qmake-qt5 inventor.pro
</code>

====Hyper-V, Fedora 41====

<code bash>
dnf install mc
dnf install qt-creator
# dnf install freeglut-devel glfw-devel glui-devel
dnf install Coin4-devel SoQt-devel
</code>

<code>
QT += core gui widgets
TARGET = qt-inventor.bin

HEADERS +=  qt-inventor.h
SOURCES += qt-inventor.cc
FORMS +=  qt-inventor.ui

INCLUDEPATH += -I /usr/include/Coin4
LIBS += -lCoin -lSoQt
</code>

==== MSys ====

<code>
Qt Creator, menu Edit / Preferences

tab Kits / Qt Versions : 
ADD C:/Programs/MSys64/mingw64/bin/qmake.exe

Tab  Kits / Kits : 
ADD "Qt5 from MSys" 
SET compiler C, C++, Qt Version
</code>

doplnit do .pro
<code>
DEFINES += COIN_DLL SOQT_DLL
LIBS += -L C:/Programs/MSys64/mingw64/bin -lCoin-80 -lSoQt
</code>

==== AlmaLinux ====

nainstalovat Coin4 a Coin4-devel
pridat SoQt a SoQt-devel

<code>
dnf install rpm-build doxygen Coin4-devel

rpmbuild --rebuild SoQt-1.6.0-15.fc40.src.rpm

dnf install SoQt-1.6.0-15.el9.x86_64.rpm 
dnf install SoQt-devel-1.6.0-15.el9.x86_64.rpm 
</code>

zdrojovy balicek

https://archives.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/40/Everything/source/tree/Packages/s/SoQt-1.6.0-15.fc40.src.rpm

vytvorene balicky

http://kmlinux.fjfi.cvut.cz/~culikzde/alma-soqt/

rozbalit SoQt SoQt-devel do /tmp/appl (napr. pomoci mc)

( nebo pouzit SoQt a SoQt-devel z Fedory 34 )

doplnit do .pro souboru

<code>
INCLUDEPATH += -I /usr/include/Coin4 -I /tmp/appl/usr/include/Coin4
LIBS += -L /tmp/appl/usr/lib64 -lCoin -lSoQt
LIBS += -Wl,-rpath -Wl,/tmp/appl/usr/lib64
# nebo na radce LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/tmp/appl/usr/lib64 ./qt-inventor.bin
</code>

**environment variables, file setup.sh**

<code>
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/tmp/appl/usr/lib64/pkgconfig
export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=/tmp/appl/usr/include/Coin4
export LIBRARY_PATH=/tmp/appl/usr/lib64
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/tmp/appl/usr/lib64
</code>

**problem with Qt 6**

Qt6 omylem linkovane s SoQt pro Qt5 ohlasi chybu
<code>
QObject::installEventFilter(): Cannot filter events for objects in a different thread
</code>

je treba pouzit Qt5

<code>
qmake-qt5 inventor.pro
</code>

--------

======Numerika======

===OpenFoam===

[[../openfoam]]

http://kmlinux.fjfi.cvut.cz/~culik/openfoam-pictures

===FreeFEM===

https://freefem.org/

https://modules.freefem.org/modules/elasticity/

https://modules.freefem.org/modules/stokes/

https://modules.freefem.org/modules/poisson/

https://doc.freefem.org/tutorials/poisson.html

https://doc.freefem.org/documentation/mesh-generation.html

fish shape https://github.com/FreeFem/FreeFem-sources/blob/master/examples/3d/Poisson.edp

https://doc.freefem.org/examples/misc.html#poisson-s-equation-3d

https://github.com/zenotech/MeshAid/blob/master/gmsh/cylinder.geo

===MFem===

https://mfem.org/examples/

https://mfem.org/serial-tutorial/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0898122120302583

===Orange Owl===

https://github.com/OrangeOwlSolutions/PDEs

https://github.com/OrangeOwlSolutions/General-CUDA-programming

https://github.com/OrangeOwlSolutions/Linear-Algebra

https://github.com/OrangeOwlSolutions/cuSPARSE

===Other===

https://people.math.sc.edu/burkardt/cpp_src/fem3d_pack/fem3d_pack.html

https://github.com/Elias-Gu/FEM

https://libmesh.github.io/

https://wiki.freecad.org/FEM_Mesh

https://glvis.org/

https://libocca.org

https://github.com/LLNL/RAJA

http://nkl.cc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/13e/02-FEM/FEM3D-C.pdf

https://xsdk-project.github.io/MathPackagesTraining2021/lessons/mfem_convergence/

https://github.com/smiret/3d_python_fem/blob/master/pythonfem.py

jiz neni https://edoras.sdsu.edu/~mthomas/f17.705/topics/iter_solv/TeraGrid09-3DparHeatEqtnTutorial.pdf

https://firedynamics.github.io/LectureFireSimulation/content/modelling/06_heat_transfer/04_ht3d_example.html#

Comsol https://cecs.wright.edu/~sthomas/htchapter02.pdf

--------

======Mini OS======

http://www.minix3.org/pkgsrc/packages/3.4.0/i386/All/

https://genode.org

https://nuttx.apache.org/

https://github.com/managarm/managarm

https://github.com/ghaiklor/ghaiklor-os-gcc

https://github.com/torokernel/ToroOS

https://github.com/torokernel/torokernel

Pascal https://wiki.freepascal.org/Operating_Systems_written_in_FPC

Ultibo https://ultibo.org/

Real Time OS https://github.com/weston-embedded/uC-OS3

https://github.com/FreeRTOS/FreeRTOS

https://www.menuetos.net/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contiki

https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/KolibriOS

https://serenityos.org/

=====Zephyr Project=====

https://www.zephyrproject.org/

https://docs.zephyrproject.org/latest/develop/getting_started/index.html

=====Toaru OS=====

https://github.com/klange/toaruos/releases

bootable PDF/ISO https://klange.dev/resume/

build https://github.com/klange/toaruos

packages https://toaruos.org/packages/

<code shell>
dnf install docker
systemctl start docker

git clone https://github.com/klange/toaruos
cd toaruos
git submodule update --init kuroko
docker pull toaruos/build-tools:1.99.x
docker run -v `pwd`:/root/misaka -w /root/misaka -e LANG=C.UTF-8 \
           -t toaruos/build-tools:1.99.x util/build-in-docker.sh

make shell

dnf install qemu-system-x86
make run
</code>

https://github.com/klange/toaru-build-tools

<code shell>
git checkout v1.2.2
make toolchain
</code>

<code makefile>
TARGET=x86_64-linux-gnu

include build/${ARCH}.mk

kernel: misaka-kernel
libc: base/lib/libc.so

# copy-lib:
#         cp /usr/lib64/libgcc_s.so.1 $(BASE)/usr/lib/libgcc_s.so.1
#        cp /usr/lib64/libgcc_s.so.1 $(BASE)/usr/lib/libgcc_s.so

run-kernel: kernel
        qemu-system-x86_64 -kernel misaka-kernel.64
</code>

<code makefile>
KERNEL_CFLAGS += -DKERNEL_GIT_TAG=2.2.0
KERNEL_CFLAGS += -I${PWD}/include-fixed
KERNEL_CFLAGS += -I${PWD}/base/usr/include

LIBC_CFLAGS += -I${PWD}/include-fixed
LIBC_CFLAGS += -I${PWD}/base/usr/include

LIBC_LDFLAGS += -B${PWD}/base/lib
# LIBC_LDFLAGS += -L${PWD}/base/lib
# LIBC_LDFLAGS += -Wl,-rlink -Wl,${PWD}/base/lib
# LIBC_LDFLAGS += -Wl,-rpath -Wl,${PWD}/base/lib
</code>

<code makefile>
.make/%.lmak: lib/%.c util/auto-dep.py | dirs $(CRTS)
        python util/auto-dep.py --makelib $< > $@

.make/%.mak: apps/%.c util/auto-dep.py | dirs $(CRTS)
        python util/auto-dep.py --make $< > $@

.make/%.kmak: lib/kuroko/%.c util/auto-dep.py | dirs
        python util/auto-dep.krk --makekurokomod $< > $@

</code>

<code shell>
( cd ramdisk ; tar czf ../ramdisk.tgz * )
</code>

<code shell>
qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm -smp 4 -m 3G -kernel misaka-kernel -initrd ramdisk.igz -append "root=/dev/ram0"
</code>

=====Periferie, Boot, ...=====

https://wiki.osdev.org/VESA_Video_Modes

PS/2 mouse http://forum.osdev.org/viewtopic.php?t=24277

FatFs http://elm-chan.org/fsw/ff/

SeaBIOS https://github.com/coreboot/seabios

FNet https://fnet.sourceforge.io/

CherryUSB https://github.com/cherry-embedded/CherryUSB

https://github.com/cherry-embedded/CherryPHY

https://github.com/cherry-embedded/CherrySH

https://github.com/hathach/tinyusb

TCP/IP https://github.com/russdill/lwip

https://github.com/cozis/microtcp/tree/main

https://github.com/tass-belgium/picotcp

SSL/SSH https://github.com/wolfSSL/wolfssl

code generation https://github.com/cozis/Noja/blob/main/src/lib/compiler/codegen.c

https://github.com/hi631/FPGA_DOS

https://www.abclinuxu.cz/zpravicky/kurz-assembleru-od-vyvojaru-ffmpeg

Multiboot https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/multiboot/multiboot.html

Multiboot2 https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/multiboot2/multiboot.html

https://github.com/microkernel2018/barebones

https://github.com/aar10n/osdev

https://softwarecrisis.miraheze.org/wiki/Linecount

=====Emulátory=====

http://bellard.org/jslinux/

http://bellard.org/tinyemu/

jor1k: OpenRISC OR1K Javascript Emulator https://s-macke.github.io/jor1k

http://riscemu.readthedocs.io

https://github.com/bucaps/marss-riscv

https://nitish2112.github.io/post/adding-instruction-riscv/

=====Debugger=====

https://sourceware.org/gdb/current/onlinedocs/gdb.html/File-Transfer.html

https://sourceware.org/gdb/current/onlinedocs/gdb.html/Basic-Python.html

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4792483/how-to-import-gdb-in-python

https://github.com/bminor/binutils-gdb/blob/master/gdb/python/python.c#L2589

https://sourceware.org/gdb/wiki/PythonGdbTutorial

<code>
gdbserver host:2345 executable
</code>

<code>
gdb
target remote host:2345
remote get remote_file local_file
remote put local_file  remote_file
</code>

https://lldb.llvm.org/use/remote.html get-file put-file

https://lldb.llvm.org/cpp_reference/classCommandObjectPlatformPutFile.html

https://lldb.llvm.org/python_api/lldb.SBPlatform.html

https://lldb.llvm.org/python_api/lldb.SBPlatformShellCommand.html

https://www.sourceware.org/gdb/current/onlinedocs/gdb.html/File-Transfer.html

Gede https://gede.dexar.se/

Seer https://github.com/epasveer/seer

AsmJit https://asmjit.com/

https://x64dbg.com/ for Windows

asm https://github.com/zyantific/zasm

encoder and disassembler https://github.com/zyantific/zydis

C++, OpenGL, ImGui https://github.com/zmeadows/lldbg

( ImGui on SDL2 https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/tree/master/examples/example_sdl2_sdlrenderer2 )

( https://terminalroot.com/learn-to-use-dear-imgui-with-sdl2/ )

( https://martin-fieber.de/blog/gui-development-with-cpp-sdl2-and-dear-imgui/ )

https://willus.com/ccomp.shtml

===== RISC-V =====

https://mth.st/blog/riscv-qemu/

https://popovicu.com/posts/bare-metal-programming-risc-v/

https://popovicu.com/posts/making-a-micro-linux-distro/

https://risc-v-getting-started-guide.readthedocs.io/en/latest/zephyr-qemu.html

https://docs.zephyrproject.org/latest/boards/qemu/riscv64/doc/index.html

https://github.com/YosysHQ/nerv

https://github.com/LvNA-system/labeled-RISC-V

https://github.com/YosysHQ/nerv

https://www.cnx-software.com/2024/08/31/using-risc-v-cores-on-the-raspberry-pi-pico-2-board-and-rp2350-mcu-from-blinking-an-led-to-building-linux/ Raspberry Pi Pico 2

https://github.com/Wren6991/Hazard3

--------

======FPGA======

Fpga4Student https://www.fpga4student.com/2017/04/verilog-code-for-16-bit-risc-processor.html

Fomu - ICE40 FPGA Development Board https://www.adafruit.com/product/4332 https://github.com/skordal/potato/tree/master/src

FemtoRV - https://github.com/BrunoLevy/learn-fpga/blob/master/FemtoRV/TUTORIALS/FROM_BLINKER_TO_RISCV/README.md

Quark - https://github.com/BrunoLevy/learn-fpga/blob/master/FemtoRV/RTL/PROCESSOR/femtorv32_quark.v

Float Add, Mul - https://github.com/BrunoLevy/learn-fpga/blob/master/FemtoRV/RTL/PROCESSOR/petitbateau.v#L397

Nanland RISC-V https://github.com/Mecrisp/Nandland-RISC-V

FleaFPGA Ohm - Next186, NextZ80 - https://github.com/Basman74/Next186/blob/master/Next186_SoC_Diamond_Project.zip

GHDL - https://ghdl.github.io/ghdl/

GHDL interfaces and extensions http://ygdes.com/GHDL/

Verilator - https://www.veripool.org/verilator/

RISC-V Verilator model - https://github.com/aignacio/riscv_verilator_model

RPU - Basic RISC-V CPU implementation in VHDL - https://github.com/Domipheus/RPU

Designing a CPU in VHDL - https://domipheus.com/blog/rpu-series-quick-links

Fpga4Fun - Ethernet - https://www.fpga4fun.com/10BASE-T0.html https://www.fpga4fun.com/10BASE-T1.html ( RaspberiPi https://github.com/osnr/rpi-bitbang-ethernet/blob/master/README.md )

USB https://xess.com/projects/fpga-usb-v2-project/

Fomu, ValentyUSB https://github.com/im-tomu/valentyusb

Qomu https://workshop.fomu.im/en/latest/renode-verilator.html

QtRvSim VHDL https://gitlab.fel.cvut.cz/b4m35pap/rvapo-vhdl/-/tree/main/rvapo/core/logic

RudoIV, RiscV implementation https://github.com/bobbl/rudolv

BiRISC-V, RiscV implementation https://github.com/ultraembedded/biriscv

Niklaus Wirth: Risc5 https://people.inf.ethz.ch/wirth/Lola/index.html

=====FPGA DE10-standard=====

PIO ports https://johnloomis.org/digitallab/

PIO ports https://schaumont.dyn.wpi.edu/ece4530f19/

https://johnloomis.org

NiosII CPU Development https://johnloomis.org/srisc/

https://johnloomis.org/digitallab/

lectures https://schaumont.dyn.wpi.edu/ece4530f19/

custom instructions https://schaumont.dyn.wpi.edu/ece4530f19/lectures/lecture13-notes.html

custom instruction example https://github.com/vt-ece4530-f19/example-nios-ci

custom instructions http://cse.unl.edu/~witty/class/embedded/document/altera/nios2_custom_instruction.pdf

http://de10-standard.terasic.com/cd

download https://download.terasic.com/downloads/cd-rom/de10-standard/

DE10 Standard Frame Buffer 
https://github.com/Insper/DE10-Standard-v.1.3.0-SystemCD/tree/master/Demonstration/SoC_FPGA/DE10_Standard_FB

DE10 Standard Computer https://github.com/Thewbi/DE10_Standard

VGA https://sites.ualberta.ca/~delliott/cmpe490/appnotes/2014w/G3_VGA/G3_VGA_AppNote_V2.pdf

NIOS VGA https://people.ece.cornell.edu/land/courses/ece5760/NiosII_doc/Video_q11.pdf

NIOS https://people.ece.cornell.edu/land/courses/ece5760/NiosII_doc/

https://ftp.intel.com/Public/Pub/fpgaup/pub/Intel_Material/Boards/DE10-Standard/DE10_Standard_User_Manual.pdf

https://ftp.intel.com/Public/Pub/fpgaup/pub/Intel_Material/17.0/Tutorials/Linux_On_DE_Series_Boards.pdf

https://www.rocketboards.org/foswiki/pub/Documentation/DE10Standard/DE10-Standard_OpenCV.pdf

https://fpgacademy.org/Downloads/DE10-Standard_Computer_NiosII.pdf

https://www.adiuvoengineering.com/post/creating-a-nios-ii-processor

https://www.adiuvoengineering.com/post/creating-the-nios-ii-sw-application

https://dcenet.fel.cvut.cz/edu/fpga/doc/n2cpu_nii5v1.pdf

http://people.ece.cornell.edu/land/courses/ece5760/

float add https://github.com/prashal/fp_adder/blob/master/fp_adder.vhd

float https://github.com/xesscorp/Floating_Point_Library-JHU/blob/master/FloatPt.vhd

https://github.com/freecores/openfpu64/blob/master/fpu_add.vhd

vga https://github.com/xesscorp/VHDL_Lib/blob/master/Vga.vhd

vga https://dspace.cvut.cz/handle/10467/76078

de10-lite http://de10-lite.terasic.com/cd

de10-nano https://github.com/zangman/de10-nano

https://github.com/thinkoco/de10-nano-riscv

https://github.com/markus-k/mini-risc

https://github.com/thinkoco/de10-nano-riscv

https://cpulator.01xz.net

https://github.com/samarqureshii/243

( https://github.com/yangh122/CPULator )

===== VexRiscv =====

VexRiscv https://github.com/SpinalHDL/VexRiscv

NaxRisc https://github.com/SpinalHDL/NaxRiscv#running-verilator-simulation

https://github.com/litex-hub/zephyr-on-litex-vexriscv

https://github.com/litex-hub/linux-on-litex-vexriscv

https://github.com/enjoy-digital/litex/wiki/Installation (Verilator)

sbt https://repo.scala-sbt.org/scalasbt/rpm

https://www.controlpaths.com/2022/03/28/running-linux-on-a-litex-soc/

https://antmicro.com/blog/2020/05/multicore-vex-in-litex

https://www.luffca.com/tag/vexriscv

https://github.com/SpinalHDL/NaxRiscv

https://github.com/enjoy-digital/litex/wiki/Installation

<code bash> 
dnf install dtc libevent-devel json-c-devel zlib-devel
dnf install verilator gcc-c++-riscv64-linux-gnu scala

https://github.com/litex-hub/linux-on-litex-vexriscv/files/8331338/linux_2022_03_23.zip

mkdir litex
cd litex
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/enjoy-digital/litex/master/litex_setup.py
chmod +x litex_setup.py
./litex_setup.py --init --install --user
cd ..

curl -L https://www.scala-sbt.org/sbt-rpm.repo > sbt-rpm.repo
sudo mv sbt-rpm.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/
sudo yum install sbt

git clone https://github.com/litex-hub/linux-on-litex-vexriscv
cd linux-on-litex-vexriscv
# unpack linux_2022_03_23.zip to images (Image, rootfs.cpio, opensbi.bin)
./sim.py
</code>

<code bash> 
https://builds.renode.io/renode-latest.linux-portable-dotnet.tar.gz
# unpack
cd renode

sudo dnf install mono-complete
sudo pip install -r /big/zephyr/renode/tests/requirements.txt
# robotframework, robotframework-retryfailed, psutil, pyyaml

./renode 
    strt @scripts/single-node/leon3-zephyr.resc 
    start @scripts/single-node/litex_vexriscv_zephyr.resc
    start @scripts/single-node/litex_vexriscv_linux.resc

./renode -e 'start @scripts/single-node/i386.resc'    
</code>

===== Priklad =====

<code>
dnf install gcc-c++-riscv64-linux
dnf install verilator
dnf install gcc-gnat

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/enjoy-digital/litex/master/litex_setup.py
chmod +x litex_setup.py 
./litex_setup.py --init --install --user
litex_sim 
</code>

=====FPGA Poznámky=====

CPU 0 LLVM http://jonathan2251.github.io/lbd/TutorialLLVMBackendCpu0.pdf

https://github.com/Jonathan2251/lbd

AES 256 FPGA https://cryptography.gmu.edu/athena/sources/Cryptographic_Engineering_Chapter_10.pdf

Elliptic Curve FPGA https://www.esat.kuleuven.be/cosic/publications/article-2661.pdf

https://www.mikekohn.net/micro/riscv_fpga.php

https://github.com/piotr-go/Lichee-Tang/tree/master/VGA/src

https://github.com/piotr-go/Lichee-Tang/tree/master/NES/src/nes

https://github.com/UofT-HPRC/fake_fpga

ULX3S https://ulx3s.github.io/

https://github.com/LEAP-FPGA/leap-documentation/wiki

https://ghdl.github.io/ghdl-cosim/vhpidirect/notebook/howtouseghdlfromc.html

https://github.com/antonblanchard/microwatt

https://vivonomicon.com/2020/06/13/lets-write-a-minimal-risc-v-cpu-in-nmigen/

https://learn.lushaylabs.com/tang-nano-9k-first-processor/

https://github.com/calint/tang-nano-9k--riscv

=====VHDL Poznámky=====

ModelSim: save, compile, restart, run

function to_string (v: std_logic_vector) return string is
       variable txt : string (1 to v'length);
   begin
       for i in 1 to v'length loop
           if v(v'length - i) = '0' then
              txt(i) := '0';
           else
              txt(i) := '1';
           end if;
       end loop;
       return txt;
   end function to_string;

function to_string (v: std_logic) return string is
       variable txt : string (1 to 1);
   begin 
         if v = '0' then
            txt := "0";
         else
            txt := "1";
         end if;
         return txt;
   end function to_string;

function to_string (v: signed) return string is
       variable txt : string (1 to v'length);
   begin
       for i in 1 to v'length loop
           if v(v'length - i) = '0' then
              txt(i) := '0';
           else
              txt(i) := '1';
           end if;
       end loop;
       return txt;
   end function to_string;

function to_string (v: unsigned) return string is
       variable txt : string (1 to v'length);
   begin
       for i in 1 to v'length loop
           if v(v'length - i) = '0' then
              txt(i) := '0';
           else
              txt(i) := '1';
           end if;
       end loop;
       return txt;
   end function to_string;

function to_string (v: fp32) return string is
   begin
       return "sign=" & to_string (v.sign) &
              " exponent=" & to_string (v.exponent) &
              " mantissa=" & to_string (v.mantissa);
   end function to_string;
   
   report "a is " & to_string(a);
</code>

<code vhdl>
	function fp32_mul (first, second: in fp32) return fp32 is
		variable result : fp32 := fp32_ZERO;
		variable buf : unsigned(47 downto 0) := (others => '0');
		variable start : integer := 46;
	begin
		result.sign := first.sign xor second.sign;
		result.exponent := first.exponent + second.exponent - fp32_EXPONENT_OFFSET;
		buf := unsigned('1' & first.mantissa) * unsigned('1' & second.mantissa);

-- normalize
		for i in 47 downto 46 loop
			if buf(i) = '1' then
				start := i - 1;
				exit;
			end if;
		end loop;

result.exponent := to_signed(to_integer(result.exponent) + start - 45, 8);
		result.mantissa := buf(start downto start-22);

return result;
	end function fp32_mul;
</code>

Fedora 34: dnf install ghdl

<code shell>
ghdl -a --std=08 tb_float32.vhd
ghdl -c --std=08 tb_float32.vhd
ghdl -e --std=08 tb_float32
ghdl -r --std=08 tb_float32
</code>

--------

======Disky======

http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/Large-Disk-HOWTO

IDE disks over 137 GB: make sure your kernel is 2.4.19/2.5.3 or later.

http://www.linux-ata.org/

Serial ATA ~ Linux 2.6.19

======Poznámky======

http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/45788/The-Real-Protected-Long-mode-assembly-tutorial-for

http://czak.pl/2020/04/09/three-levels-of-qemu-graphics.html

Wirth ... http://github.com/rochus-keller/LeanQt
 
https://badrpc.net/20230728-grub-does-not-recognise-ext4/

Fedora 34, Firefox 87.0, about:config xpinstall.signatures.required=false,  ublock 1.61.2

Zephyr LVGL OpenGL https://docs.lvgl.io/master/integration/driver/opengles.html

https://docs.lvgl.io/master/details/integration/os/zephyr.html

Emulator https://ripes.me/Ripes/

QEmu https://fgoehler.com/blog/adding-a-new-architecture-to-qemu-01/

https://fgoehler.com/blog/adding-a-new-architecture-to-qemu-02/

https://github.com/flogosec/qemu-avr32

https://github.com/mortbopet/VelonaCore

https://github.com/mortbopet/VSRTL

https://github.com/Jonathan2251/lbd

https://github.com/giorby/cosim

https://github.com/RSPwFPGAs/qemu-hdl-cosim

https://github.com/noteed/riscv-hello-c/tree/master

https://theintobooks.wordpress.com/2019/12/28/hello-world-on-risc-v-with-qemu/

https://mth.st/blog/riscv-qemu/

https://github.com/texane/vpcie/blob/master/README

https://popovicu.com/posts/789-kb-linux-without-mmu-riscv/

https://tomverbeure.github.io/2020/08/08/CXXRTL-the-New-Yosys-Simulation-Backend.html

https://sourcesup.renater.fr/www/mic-sec-2022/labs/getting-started-with-litex.html

https://github.com/litex-hub/linux-on-litex-rocket

https://github.com/fedora-cloud/docker-brew-fedora

https://www.ashling.com/wp-content/uploads/QEMU_CUSTOM_INST_WP.pdf

https://github.com/JuliaHubOSS/llvm-cbe

https://github.com/staticafi/llvm2c

https://github.com/avast/retdec

https://github.com/lifting-bits/rellic

https://github.com/riscv/sail-riscv

https://github.com/Bananymous/banan-os

https://mras2an.webnode.fr/projects/beagleboard/qt-project/

https://forum.qt.io/topic/23331/qt-embedded-linux-with-framebuffer/6

https://www.reddit.com/r/firefox/comments/11by5gk/how_do_i_disable_the_highlight_middle_mouse/

https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/mount-namespaces

https://github.com/neri/riscv-vga-sample

https://github.com/neri/maystorm

https://philippegroarke.com/posts/2018/c++_ui_solutions/

https://github.com/dirtycold/qt-minimal-build/tree/master/archive

https://github.com/pbouda/buildroot-qt-dev/tree/master?tab=readme-ov-file#buildroot-configuration

https://github.com/marmolak/gray486linux

https://qtlite.com/

https://pcotret.gitlab.io/riscv-custom/sw_toolchain.html

fbdev https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Hyper-V

https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Install_Arch_Linux_on_WSL

https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Gentoo_in_WSL

https://github.com/microsoft/wslg/wiki/GPU-selection-in-WSLg

https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Hyper-V#Graphics

TangMega-138K : GW5AST FPGA, RISC-V AE350

https://linuxgizmos.com/tang-console-compact-fpga-platform-for-development-and-retro-gaming/

https://github.com/sipeed/TangMega-138KPro-example

https://rain-1.github.io/bootstrapping/os.html

https://wiki.musl-libc.org/alternatives

https://www.fefe.de/dietlibc/

https://wiki.osdev.org/C_Library

https://www.alpinelinux.org/

https://www.elvoris.cz/opencms/export/sites/ucsimply2_cz/articles/2013/091601-machxo2-tri-led/index.html

https://github.com/deniskropp/DirectFB

https://github.com/amaranth-lang

https://archive.fosdem.org/2020/schedule/event/fbdev/attachments/slides/3595/export/events/attachments/fbdev/slides/3595/fosdem_2020_nicolas_caramelli_linux_framebuffer.pdf

https://github.com/caramelli/higfxback/blob/master/Linux-Framebuffer.md

https://github.com/caramelli/higfxback/wiki/Wayland

https://github.com/ghaerr/microwindows

https://github.com/ghaerr/elks

Nano-X http://embedded.centurysoftware.com/docs/nx/index.html

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/30732707/buildroot-custom-kernel-under-1mb

https://github.com/lpsantil/rt0/

https://github.com/koenw/x86-kernel

https://os.phil-opp.com/

xv6 64-bit https://github.com/swetland/xv6

https://github.com/swetland/compiler

https://github.com/PSR0001/bare-minimal-linux-system

https://fevtyp.com/naive/

https://github.com/ghaerr/ncc

DirectFB2 https://directfb2.github.io/#fltk https://github.com/directfb2/DirectFB2

https://bootlin.com/pub/conferences/2008/elce/graphical-libraries.pdf

https://github.com/caramelli/higfxback/blob/master/bootstrap/Makefile

https://caiorss.github.io/C-Cpp-Notes/Linux-unix-system-programming.html

https://www.codingwiththomas.com/blog/accessing-gccs-abstract-syntax-tree-with-a-gcc-plugin

https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-3.3.6/gccint/Types.html

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